| ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE Vol. 6, No. 3, 2008 ISSN 1512-1887 |
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GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT FROM NONIONIC SURFACTANT AMENDED SOIL
A. Mohammad, A. Moheman and Seema
Abstract
The effects of Triton X-100 (a nonionic surfactant) on growth and nutrient
concentration in tissues of wheat plants were examined. While in smaller doses,
the Triton X-100 significantly stimulate the dry weights of plant biomass
(shoots and roots) and nutrient concentration in plant tissues (shoots and
roots), it becomes toxic to plants at higher doses. The nutrients affected by
Triton X-100 were mainly Na, K, Mn, and Fe in the shoots and Na, K, Ca, Cu, Mn,
and Fe in the roots. The effect on the level of Zn in both shoots and root by
Triton X-100 was insignificant. In shoots there was no effect of Triton X-100 on
the concentration of Ca in shoots. However, in roots, the concentration of Ca
decreases with the increase of surfactant level in soil.
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H. Kolbe
Abstract
In 1992 two organic field trials were set up on loamy sand and a loess loam in
western Saxony, eastern Germany. In these long-term field trials questions of
field fodder and arable systems, crop rotations with leguminous field fodder,
wheat and maize, different organic fertilizer regimes and nutrient cycling were
analyzed regarding their effects on soil fertility, yield and quality of the
plant products. The main results and conclusions of the first nine years of
these organic field trials are introduced and summarized here. During the crop
rotation the Nmin levels follow a characteristic course from the highest levels
after ploughing in the leguminous field fodder and the lowest values before and
during the repeated cultivation of the field fodder. Leguminous field fodder
shows a reciprocal adaptation by higher production potentials in lower available
nitrogen systems and vice versa. This is true especially in arable systems with
mulched leguminous field fodder, where a high N input but low legume field
fodder efficiency and relatively low grain yields of the following wheat and
maize crops are obtained.
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WHEAT DWARF VIRUS: DISRUBUTION AND PREVENTESHION
V. N Baramidze*, J. B Schuberts **, A. A Habekush**, N. G Aleksidze *
Abstract
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is a prevalent virus pathogen of cereal crops. In the
following decades, severe outbreaks of WDV were reported in Turkey. As Georgia
is neighboring country of Turkey, there is a threat of virus entrance. In
present study mechanisms of virus transmission, its symptoms and detection
methods to achieve successful control strategies in Georgia are discussed.
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ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF EROSION AND MUD STREAM PHENOMENA IN THE RESERVOIR OF
SEVAN LAKE
E.M.Hayrapetyan, H.V.Martirosyan
Abstract
Some materials of researches on finding out the intensity of migration of
biogenic elements by river streams on the territory of water storing reservoir
during snow melting and heavy raining, its accumulation in Sevan Lake are given
in the article. The materials concerning the enrichment of Sevan Lake with
organic substances and biogenic elements in the result of destruction and
erosion of soil which was freed out from under the lake water are also stated.
Complex of measures on reducing the migration of biogenic elements by river
streams and preventing the processes of euthrophication has been suggested.
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UREASE ACTIVITY OF WATER-FREE SOILS IN LAKE SEVAN AFTER INTRODUCTION OF BACTERIAL INSECTICIDES
A.M. Karapetyan, H.S. Movsesyan, N.P. Ghazaryan, M.A. Sargsyan
Abstract
As a result of fight action against harmful insects in Lake Sevan coastal forest
plantations within the period of 2005-2006, Bacillus thuringiensis (BT)
bacterial insecticides were introduced into the soils. It was found that
bacterial insecticides BT-23, BTB and lepidocide, introduced into the soils do
not have any negative influence upon the urease activity of soils that have been
water-free within the last 30-35 and 40-50 years. All the above mentioned gives
great opportunities for application of bacterial insecticides in this region..
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PECULIARITIES OF MOUNTAIN GRASSLAND PASTURE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH CAUCASUS COUNTRIES
G.D. Agladze
Abstract
The article deals with the main trends and specific measures for increasing of
mountain pasture and hay mounting productivity for South Caucasus countries. The
question of expediency of research work coordination in mountain meadow
cultivation has been raised in the region.
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MAIN CENOSIS OF HERBAGE OF NATURAL MEADOWLANDS OF EAST GEORGIA AND THEIR IMPROVEMENT
V.G. Iashvili, L. S. Tabatadze, N.Kh. Chaganava
Abstract
Mineral fertilizers improve botanical composition of the herbage mainly at the
expense of increasing in them of the portion of cereals and decrease of
composition of different herbage. In the course of vegetative phase, decrease of
motley grass and increase of cereals is observed.
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INFLUENCE OF SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MUGAN-SALYAN MASSIF ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
M.G. Mustafayev
Abstract
In the article soil-climate condition and its role in agricultural developmet
in Mugan-Salyan massif have been given.In Mugan-Salyan massif the investigated
materials in them,mineralization of the ground waters and situation level have
been defined widely and the influences for the improvement of meliorative
situation have been given.
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ENTRANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN COTTON IN DEPENDENCE WITH THE DOZES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS
V.I. Ragimov
Abstract
Accumulation to nitrogen and phosphorus in cotton in the phase of budding is
connected with physiological peculiarities. This phase is a transition period to
form generative organs and requires great amount of nutrients. The reason of the
decrease of nitrogen and phosphorus content in cotton in the phase of forming
boxes in connected with the transition of nutrients from vegetative organs into
generative ones.
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Yu. Z. Barseghyan
Abstract
Under the conditions of different formation systems, length of pruning of
fruit-bearing shoots and different loadings of grapevines the indices of sugars
and nitrogen combinations in the leaves of grapevine have been studied during
fruit formation and efficient growth of Mskhali, Saperavi and Hadisi grape
sorts. It has been revealed that the unilaterally combined formation system with
the mentioned indices in case of the tested three sorts exceeds the control
fan-shaped, free and multishoot system. Comparatively high contents of sugar as
well as nitrogen combinations contributed to the increase in crop yield,
increase in annual growth of grapevines and expansion of leaf surface except for
Hadisi sort.
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HARMFUL PESTS ON MULBERRY TREE IN GEORGIA
Mz. I. Lobzhanidze
Abstract
The article covers the problem of harmful pest of mulberry tree in Georgia. We
have described the most widespread damaging species one new pest from Nymphula
species, exact systematic determination of which is not possible yet. The
precautionary and control measures for each pest are also listed in the current
article.
PHYTO-SANITARY CONDITIONS OF MAGNOLIA COLLECTION AT BATUMI BOTANICAL GARDEN
N.Kh. Leonidze, F.E.Chaidze
Abstract
The present paper deals with the phyto-sanitary condition of Magnolia collection
at Batumi Botanical Gardens. It has been established that Magnolia is mainly
damaged by the pests. One of them is wide-spread and ecologically important
species Ceraplates japonicus Green. Some biological moments of Ceraplates
japonicus Green on Magnolia Grandiflora have been studied.
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THE THEORY OF SELF-WATERING FROM GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF PROCESS
Z.K. Lobjanidze
Abstract
In paper the theory of self- flowing watering, which in fact can be counted as
generalization of researches of other authors, is offered.
PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF DERMATOMYCOSIS
R.G. Bostashvili, M.N. Chikaidze M.L. Zhgenti
Abstract
8 heads of young animals of cattle (at the age of 3–8 moths) and 2 stallions (at
the age of 5 and 7 months), sick with dermatomycosis and two persons (mother and
son) diseased with trichophytia, who contacted with sick animals have been
examined. The pathogenes – Tr.mentagrophytes, type-ectotrix have been determined
by the investigations of pathological materia, that was taken from sick animals.
We treated animals by worked out by us preparations UP and UPS rubbing the
oiniment three times into the damaged hearth, once in 3 days. Clinical symptoms
of recovering in animals were noted after the first use of both preparations
while after the second rubbing in of ointments the growth of hair was noted. The
full recover of animals occurred after 10–15 days. The preparations UP and UPS
are high by effective and economic preparations. The animals recover very soon.
The effectiveness of both preparations is100%.
MEDICAMENT-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF AURICULAR AND PERYAURICULAR WOUNDS IN DOGS
V.I. Tvaliashvili, G.B. Antidze, T. Sh. Papuashvili, A.I. Ruadze, S. B. Chapidze
Abstract
Isolated wounds of auricular region are rearity in dogs, the most pathological
processes are passaged on a periauricular tissue too. As the auricular tissue is
rich in blood and lymphatic vessels and neurons, healing flows without
complications, but a special bandage and suture are necessary. In our practice,
as a matter of fact, hematoma is a common complicatione and we perform incision
or aspiration procedures.To prevent perichondritis we need special kind of
suture in combinacion with ointments, such as Vishnevski ointment or ikhtiolus.
Also, antiseptic solutiones are recomended but we never use antibiotices in
enteral or parenteral way. Sometimes we use vessel ligature to prevent more
irritation and hematoma formation.
ON OCCURENCE OF ACUTE FORM OF PARAMPHISTOMIDOSIS OF RUMINANT ANIMALS IN GEORGIA IN 2008
Sh.O. Potskhveria
Abstract
In Lanchkhuti district (the local source of Paramphistomidosis in West
Georgia), with dominant wet subtropical climate, the precipitations happened
more than standard in May-July, 2007 (69.2mm) and November-December, 2007, also
in January-April 2008 (364mm) and at the same time the monthly indicator of air
temperature in April 2008 was 15.1°C, which exceeded the stand and April norm by
2.7°C. According the Katcov’s formula, calculated the forecast coefficient of
Paramphistomidosis by the May, 2008 for Lanchkhuti district was 3.7. It meant
that in the second half of summer and at the beginning of autumn of 2008 in the
village of Lanchkhuti and near places the mass Paramphistomidosis of ruminant
animals in acute form occured. Accordingly, the local vets should conduct
unplanned prudential dehelmintization of young cattle. In Kvareli district (the
local source of Paramphistomidosis in East Georgia), with dominant dry
subtropical climate, in May, 2008 the forecast coefficient of Paramphistomidosis
was less than three (2.8). Therefore in the districts located by the river of
Alazani Valley the occurence of Paramphistomidosis of ruminant animals in acute
form is not expected..
J.V. Nachkebia, N.A. Chanishvili, M.R. Oniani
Abstract
Toxigenic clostridia are widespread in external environment in human, animal's
organisms and sometimes in food. In a place of inhabitancy clostridia are found
in association with other species of microorganisms, so they exchange genetic
material and clostridia are turned out to be donors, in such a case for
escherichia; herewith different properties are transmitted: resistance to
antibiotics, toxigenity, hetopical activity, antigenicity. These properties are
determined in plasmids, transmitted with transformation, transduction and
conjugation. Toxigenic clostridia were isolated from soil, mineralized excretion
of animals, internals of slaughtered animals and pasteurized milk. Only
toxigenic cultures were chosen, which belonged to different species:
Cl.perfringens, Cl.chauvoei, Cl.oedematiens and Cl.septicum. After referring
them to species, they were used as donors when crossing them with nonpathogenic
escherichia for the transmission of either properties.
COMPERATIVE ESTIMATION OF PASTURE AND INTENSIVE METHODS OF GOSLINGS RAISING OF
JAVAKHETI BREED
A. A. Chagelishvili, A. Sh. Chkuaseli, M. I. Khutsishvili
Abstract
The goslings of Javakheti breed may be raised successfully by the intensive
method equally with the traditional pasture method. By pasture method of raising
the youngsters of meat type should be slaughtered at 17–21 weeks of age, but by
intensive method of raising at 12–14 weeks of age.
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MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF THE CROSS-BRED EWES DEPENDING ON THEIR AGE AND MULTIFETATION
T.I. Paikidze, G.T. Begheluri, N.Sh. Bekauri
Abstract
The milk productivity of the 2 and 3 cross-breed ewes, according to their age
and the number of lamds has been studied. It has been determined that the
lactescence of 2 cross-bred ewes is increased before the 4 years of age, but in
3 cross-breed ewes – at 5 years of age. The minimum lactescence in both groups
is observed at the 2 years of age. The lacrescence of ewe with two lamds is
higher than ewe with a lamb, in both cross-breeds, in all age groups. The
lactescence of 3 cross-bred ewes always is higher than 2 cross-bred ees within
25–30%.
MOLECULAR
MECHANISMS OF TRANSFORMATION OF MAJOR, SECONDARY AND BYPRODUCTS OF ALCOHOLIC
FERMENTATION IN WINE CHAMPAGNIZATION PROCESS (REVIEW)
E.G. Kirtadze
Abstract
Based on literary data and our experimental data, which have been conducted over
30 years the results of transformation of carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol,
glycerol, acetaldehyde, organic acids and amino acids of wine by industrial
strains of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, var. vini during secondary alcoholic
fermentation (wine champagnization) are discussed. Major products of metabolism
are studied both in cell and in fermentative medium by applying of 14C
radioactive compounds. Peculiarities of usage each carbon atom of ethyl alcohol,
glycerin, glycin, acetic and succinic acids in yeasts are revealed. The analysis
of publications and obtained results has significant importance in biotechnology
of sparkling wines leading to their quality improvement.
T.M. Japaridze, O.I. Dvalishvili
Abstract
The paper deals with the influence of mountain forests around Sioni and
constricted Lakbe reservoirs on the main water-physical properties of soils. The
forests with the highest indicators of water-physical properties were revealed
which decrease to minimum surface runoff, prevent erosion processes, hinder
accumulation of sludge in reservoirs and prolong their exploitation period.
ESSENCE
AND ROLE OF SME IN ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
L. A. Margaryan, R. A. Makaryan
Abstract
The essence of small and medium enterprises in the Republic of Armenia is
reflected in the given article as well as characteristics of their role and
importance of investigations and other essential indexes in the country`s GDP
have been carried out.
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THE EXTERNAL ECONOMIC CONNECTIONS IN SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS
R.R. Mustafaeva
Abstract
Development of market relations showed that foreign economic relations are
strong accelerators of economical and scientific technical progress. Gaining new
achievements of science technical
progress considerably connected with multisided participation in international
division of labor, scientific and technical exchange, world trade and of other
forms of cooperation and substantially influence on reforms taking place inside
the country.
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