| ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE Vol. 6, No. 1, 2008 ISSN 1512-1887 |
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A. Mohammad and N. Ersad
Abstract
Thin layer chromatography of twenty one synthetic dyes was performed on silica
gel mixed soil layer (95:5w/w) using water, aqueous solutions of anionic (sodium
dodecyl sulphate); cationic (cetylpyridinium chloride); non ionic
(polyoxyethylene p-t-octylphenol) surfactants and TX-100 mixed with organic
modifiers as mobile phase. Amongst the surfactants used, 0.001 M TX-100 mixed
with organic modifiers in 8:2 ratio was found to be most effective. The effect
of various organic modifiers on the mobility of dyes was studied on silica gel
mixed soil layer (95:5w/w). The TLC comprising of silica gel plus soil (95:5
w/w) as a stationary phase and 0.001 M TX-100Ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) as mobile
phase was found to be most favourable for achieving better separation of dyes.
Furthermore a good separation of thorin, methanil yellow and congo red was
realized on the selected stationary phase (silica plus soil, 95:5 w/w) and
mobile phase, 0.001 M TX-100Ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v).
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ELIMINATION OF POTATO BACTERIAL INVASION BY CHITIN
V. N. Baramidze, E. S. Davitashvili, I. G. Megrelishvili, E. T. Kapanadze, N. G. Aleksidze
Abstract
Based on the results of carbohydrate-specificity, it was determined that lectins
from unwounded and potato tubers with soft rot are specific to
N-acetylglucosamine. Use of polysaccharide chitin, rich with
N-acetylglucosamine, as the protection of wounded potato tubers against the
bacterial invasion is recommended during their storage.
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THE FORECAST OF THE INTENSITY OF SOIL EROSION FOR MAIN SOILS OF GEORGIA
G.P. Gogichaishvili*, T.F. Urushadze**, T.T. Urushadze**
Abstract
The investigations show that as a result of elementary erosion control measures
(contour processing of soil, contour cultivation, plot furrowing) on the plots
of 200 m long and 100 inclination, soil loss caused by erosion processes is less
than permissible (from 5 t/ha per year) for all the soil types in Georgia except
red and yellow soils. On the slopes with 15-200 and 250 inclinations the loss of
soil on 50-100m and 200m long plots is 3-5, sometimes 8-10 times more than
permissible. Such plots require specific erosion control measures.
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THE INVESTIGATION OF VETIVER GRASS (Vetiveria zizanioides, L. Nash) IN THE GREENHOUSE
G.V. Gavardashvili*, G.G. Chakhaia*, N.G. Gavardashvili**
Abstract
During the authors’ being on mission in Israel, the laboratory researches were
held on the plant vetiver, which is used against erosion. With the aim of
defining of vetiver vegetation main indicators, the experiments were made on
eight different types of soil suspension in the laboratory of soil, water and
environmental protection of scientific-research Institute of Israel - Nive-Yaar.
The whole number of soil suspensions was 56. Taking into consideration the
factor of time, the standards of watering and the volume of soil, the maximal
and minimal indicators of water capacity for each type of soil were established.
The formula for the calculation of Vetiver height was defined. Taking into
consideration the time, the evapo-transpiration coefficient and the number of
sprouts were established..
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FERTILITY OF THE IRRIGATED MEADOW-SEROZEM SOILS UNDER FODDER CROPS
F.M. Ramazanova
Abstract
The influence of stubble and root remains of fodder crops and depend on the
state of biological characteristics, while cultivating during intermediate
sowings on the indices characterizing the state of the biological activity and
fertility of the irrigated meadow-serozem soils of the Ganja-Gazakh zone has
been investigated and assessed. The detailed analysis of the qualitative and
quantitative composition of microorganisms, enzymesand other and biological and
chemical soil indices has been conducted. For the first time, on basis of
biological and chemical soil indices, the integral assessment of the biological
state of the irrigated meadow-serozem soils of the Ganja-Gazakh zone has been
made.
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INDEX OF SIMILARITY OF GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF NESTING BIRDS IN AZERBAIJAN
N. A. Sadykhova
Abstract
The index of similarity of ornithogeographic sections of Azerbaijan is given (2
districts, 5 sections, 17 regions) on the basis of location of nesting types of
birds. Such an approach determines the degree of reality of zoographic sections.
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G.G.Meladze, M.U.Tutarashvili, M.G.Meladze
Abstract
In the article we consider the influence of global climate warming on growth and
development of tea and tung crops and on the agriclimatic zones in the humid
subtropics of Georgia. According to the scenario, worked out by us, at the
temperature rise by 1, the sum of temperatures during the vegetation period
will make 200-240 stimulates growth of yield. In the districts distribution of
tung trees, according to the composed scenario (at the temperature rise by 10
and the sum of temperatures 200-2400) favorable conditions will be created for
production of high-quality tung-oil. With the scenario (at the temperature rise
by 1) we composed agriclimatic maps for tea and tung crops. According to the
maps the zones of their growth and development are located higher than the
existent zones by 100-150 m, which demands realization of the extend
agritechnical measures.
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Z.R. Tkebuchava
Abstract
It is possible to assert, that in Georgia the crop of green mass and hay
Triticale Kartli-2 is considerably reduced on the meadow-brown soils of Shua
Kartli without mineral fertilizers. It is necessary to apply the increased dozes
of mineral fertilizers under Triticale Kartli-2 to receive high crops of green
mass. Thus the conclusion arises, that mineral fertilizers
(N120Ð120Ê90).positively influence on chemical compound of green mass Triticale
Kartli-2, increase the contents of dry substance and percent of digested protein
in comparison with control variants.
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EKOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTIVE IN AZERBAIJAN
A. G. Babayev
Abstract
The carrier of organic agricultural ideas and the founder of its movement in
Azerbaijan was Ganja Agribusiness Association (GABA). At the initial stage of
organic agriculture movement in the republic serious obstacle strongly
preventing development and expansion of movement was overcome and elimination of
“soviet” stereotype of thinking was managed. During the last 10 years from 500
up to 1000 people participated in annual enlightenment. Future of organic
agriculture in Azerbaijan in many respects depends on political support of the
state. The major goals of near future are creation of legislative and normative
base meeting international requirements; organization of inspection and
certification systems; creation of local consulting services to develop organic
farming and expansions of movement of organic agriculture in regions; creation
of network of training and education relating to European standards and
promoting development of administrative knowledge and skills of organic farmers.
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A.A. Maharramov
Abstract
The paper deals with the theoretical issues of implementing the international
norms in the sphere of environmental protection in the system of legislation of
the Republic of Azerbaijan. It shows that corresponding principles reflected in
the international norms are widely involved in the legislation of the RA.
Besides, there is a necessity to perfect legislation state of the RA and to join
RA to temporary international agreements.
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CALCULATION OF DYNAMIC STIFFNESS OF GRAINS AT ABRASIVE PROCESSING
M.A. Grigoryan, S.A. Kokhlikyan
Abstract
On the basis of analytical observation the expressions for determining critical
coefficients of strain intensity at diverse types of hammering pressure of
abrasive grain were received. In theoretical and experimental ways it has been
established that the erosion force depends on the direction of effective
hammering force relative to the large axe of grain. The largest delicate
stiffness of the grain is provided when hammering pressure impacts in the
direction of the large axe of grain.
THE USE OF NONLINEAR REGRESSION EQUATION IN HYDROLOGICAL CALCULATIOS
D.N. Kereselidze, V.Z. Trapaidze, G. I. Bregvadze, S. G. Mdivani
Abstract
Problem of restoration of hydrologic series and their reduction to the prolonged
period in the model of log-normal distribution and evaluation of nonlinear
regression using an analytical equation is considered.
APPLICABILITY OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODES IN THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
S.E. Mikayelyan
Abstract
The paper deals with comparative characteristics of the lightning devices used
in agriculture and LED. Possible applications of LED in agricultural production
are designated. On an example of experimental spectrograms of LED it is shown,
that with their help it is possible to simulate any spectrum. Thus high speed
action and practically unlimited serviceability are mentioned.
THE TERMS OF EMBRYONIC AND PARTHENOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF PARAMPHISTOMUM SP. IN GEORGIA
Sh.O.Potskhveria, G.I.Goderdzishvili
Abstract
Favorable conditions for embryonic development of Paramphistomum sp. are created
since April till October in Georgia. The optimum temperature for this process is
25-28C, when embryogenesis is completed in 2-3 weeks and miracidyas leave for
external environment in the mass. Parthenogenetic development of Paramphistomum
sp. takes place since June till October, the fastest is in July-August (average
daily temperature of air – 26-27C) for eight weeks. In the current year
cercaryas leave for external environment in that case, if miracidyas of
Paramphistomum sp. gets into the body of mollusc (Planorbis planorbis) till the
end of the first ten-day period of August.
RESULTS OF PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF PHAGE PREPARATION IN POULTRY FARMING
M.M. Natidze, D.G. Goderdzishvili, T.M. Natidze, M.I. Ramishvili
Abstract
Prophylaxis and treatment of poultry infectious us diseases of bacterial
etiology are mainly accomplished after using antibiotics. The goal of our study
was to use intestine bacteriophages in poultry. As carried out investigations
have shown introduction intestine bacteriophages improves
sanitary-bacteriological indices of water, used for feeding the poultry. At the
same time intestinal microflora is regulated, hen’s weight increases. Intestine
bacteriophages have curative-prophylactic effect as compared to antibiotics,
used in the poultry.
L. M. Minasyan
Abstract
Investigation results have revealed that interbred (Black-Motley x Holstein)
cows of local reproduction of ,,Sos Simonyan” Ltd. is well-adapted to the crib –
pasture conditions in a foothill zone of the republic and have displayed rather
high milk-yield capacity: milk-yield by lactations equaled 3000, 3325 and 3732
kg (milk-yield in average – 3352 kg), the average fat content of milk was 4.17
%, and the average protein content in milk – 3,29 %.The alive average weight of
cows was 500 kg, milk capacity coefficient has been of average value (6.4-7.1),
and positive correlation (r = 0,17 - 0,36) has been stated between milk-yield
and alive weight. We offer to continue the application of bulls of Holstein
breed for reception of interbred II and III offspring in black-motley herd and
breeding of obtained offspring representatives ,,among themselves’’ as well.
BROWN CAUCASIAN BREED OF CATTLE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY
L.A. Tortladze
Abstract
The article deals with Brown Caucasian cattle breed in the past, present and
future. This breed was created in the countres of South Caucasus and in Dagestan
in the middle of the 20th century. The animals of this breed are well adapted to
the local geographical, climatic and fodder conditions. With good feeding the
milk productivity exceeds 4000 kg during lactation period. At present the study
of breeding is suspended, the productivity of animals has sharply decreased. It
is necessary to combine the efforts of scientists and practical workers for the
restoration of the breed.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SELECTION ON THE HEMATOLOGIC INDICES OF REPLACEMENT OF JAVAKHETI GEESE
R.S. Mitichashvili, A. A. Chagelishvili, I. R. Mitichashvili
Abstract
Close connection of some hematological indices with the growth of the organisms
of the local Javakheti Geese of all generations (F0, F1, F2) has been
determined. The number of erythrocytes in blood of young animals easly by
increased together with the animals growth. The ganders differed from the female
geese by higher content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. The young animals of F2
generation, which is distinguished by high growth of live weight in all periods
of postembryonic development, had more hemoglobin in blood (P≥0.001) and the
number of erythrocytes changed in age dynamics of geese.
A.M. Kuliev
Abstract
In order to increase milk fatness in buffalogy the long-term indexes of milk
yield from one fodder buffaloes and its fatness (with the scope of more than 300
finished lactations in 105 buffaloes) were analyzed in Dash breed State
Enterprise in Shaki district of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Four types of female
buffaloes were distinguished according to the character of interrelation between
milk yield and milk fatness. 17 buffalo producers were investigated regarding
the quality of their progeny. Only two of them appeared to be improvers of the
series of properties. The others were either deteriorators or improvers of some
of the properties and the others were neutral.
PRODUCTION OF LEMON AROMATIZATION FROM LEMON SORGHO
N. Sh. Bagaturia, E. A. Uturashvili
Abstract
Chemical composition of ether oil and lemon sorgho raw material as well as the
process of extraction of raw material with water-spirit solution have been
investigated. An optimum variant of receiving food aromatizer from lemon sorgho
in the form of alcoholic tincture has been stated. The paper shows the
favorability of the use of ether oil and alcoholic tincture as natural food
aromatizer.
H.I. Sayadyan, G. Barakat
Abstract
The article deals with comparative analysis of biodiversity and systems of
specially protected territories Armenia and Syria. The main objective of this
article is to spotlight the analysis of biodiversity, the main problems relating
to the biodiversity and specially protected area systems in two different
countries: Armenia and Syria well known for their biodiversity richness with
their similarity and difference.
THE WAYS OF ECONOMICAL REVIVAL OF THE SUBTROPICAL AGRICULTURE IN ABKHAZIA
L.V. Marshania
Abstract
The paper deals with the ways of economical revival of the subtropical
agriculture of Abkhazia, such as tea production, viticulture, citrus, tobacco
and others. The first steps must be: privatization of the lands, development of
private sector, attraction of investments, short-term leasing of objects and
branches, creation of free economical zone.
PRIVATIZATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN GEORGIA
P. P. Koguashvili, G. V. Zibzibadze, L. M. Gegenava
Abstract
The topic of consideration of this paper is the land resource that is the
country’s one of the most important and special material-tangible assets. It has
always been considered to be strong economic basis for social interests and
wealth. So the problem of agricultural land alienation on no citizens needs to
be determined. Nowadays in Georgia on the land market there is no competitive
local land buyer (farmer). Land property except juridical and economy importance
has political aspect. Sovereign nation’s, state territory is a property of
people. Agriculture is not only the country’s and peasants’ strengthening source
of economics, but also the Georgian nation’s economic life style and its
culture’s inseparable part that is naturally connected with Georgia’s historical
places.
A.M. Baghdasaryan
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of peculiarities of development of the
security market in the countries of Euro-Asian region with emerging markets.
Special attention is paid to the countries with transition economy, especially
Armenia and Georgia. Several indicators of stock exchange development are
studied. Volumes of trades in stocks, bonds and other securities at the stock
exchange of the region are studied and compared. Main trends of development of
the security market are discovered. The possibilities of integration and
cooperation with worldwide security exchange systems and problems of adoption of
different models of the security market regulation are considered. As a result
of research, the ways of improvement of regulation of the securities market and
activities of stock exchanges are suggested.
A.G. Veliev
Abstract
The paper reports the all-round analysis of the program, carried out in
Azerbaijan Republic, including reforms in economy. It is shown that in agrarian
sector the program is on the end phase. Reforms in of economy could not render
the essential positive influence on development of mountain areas. The reasons
and problems of low activity of enterprise are listed. In the conclusion the
list of measures necessary for transition to steady development of mountain
areas in Azerbaijan is given.
COMPLEX MECHANIZATION AS AN IMPORTANT INTENSIFICATION TOOL OF
AGRICULTURE
A. A. Zurabyan
Abstract
One of the intensification means of agricultural production, simultaneously with
chemicalization and melioration of lands, is the mechanization. Chemicalization
and the development of irrigation systems can never produce desirable outcomes
without complex mechanization.
The complex mechanization enables not only to decrease the work expenses but
also increase the yielding capacity of crops. However, the capacity of the
existing machinery pool does comply with the sizes of the private farms.
Therefore, it is required to solve the following issues:
- Ensuring equipment from different projects and using them through leasing
mechanisms;
- Application of more efficient use of the existing equipment, in particular, by
introduction of cooperation principles in this sphere;
Application of efficient mechanism of labor organization..
POSSIBLE WAYS OF FOOD PROBLEM SOLUTION IN ARMENIA
K.A. Grigoryan
Abstract
Privatization is a big historical, political and economic event, the goal of
which is to eliminate former mistakes in management practice, to efficiency of
reach resource usage and radically reconstruct economic relations. The task is
to ensure national food security, food availability for unprovided market
segments and realization of economic freedom by producers.
Privatization itself creates the private owner, who is economically responsible
for future of the enterprise. However, quick and overall privatization, lack of
experience, and absence of reform theory brought to unpleasant results.
From 1990-2000 the agricultural gross output reduced by 35%, irrigated lands
reduced by 45%.
Therefore, the implementation of urgent fundamental measures is necessary to get
out of the recession.
Here the significant ones are:
1. Clarification and precision of juridical and economic status of the idea
"farm" and status of landowners,
2. Consider the interests of farm enterprises in all stages of planning and
creation of strategic programs for agricultural development,
3. Buy out unutilized agricultural land from small farmers. Small-scale farming
is technologically inefficient and not prospective,
4. Find effective form of assistance programs, fundamental reconstruction of
infrastructure and financial-economic system,
5. Support farm enterprises and creation of insurance system. The major tool for
struggle against natural disasters must become intensive production systems and
scientific approaches to fanning,
6. Create protectionism for producers, which is especially important for small
enterprises. This should happen on the one hand due to expansion of enterprises
and on the other hand due to establishment of appropriate legal and economic
background.
7. Food market and agrarian sector are especially suffering from difficulties
related to sales of agricultural product. Marketing costs are very high. Prices
offered by processing companies are very low. For the beginning State assistance
is the solution.
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