| ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE Vol. 5, No. 4, 2007 ISSN 1512-1887 |
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LIPIDS FROM HELLEBORUS, DIGITALIS, PALIURUS
E.P.Kemertelidze, Ts.M. Dalakishvili
Abstract
Novel data concerning chemical composition and biological activity of plant
lipids have been obtained. Unusually large amounts of neutral lipids (NL) are
accumulated in the underground parts of Helleborus abchasicus A.Br. and H.
caucasicus A.Br. These NL-s differ from typical plant fats in low content of
triacylglycerols and high one of free fatty acids. NL-s from H. abchasicus and
H. caucasicus exhibit anti-tumor activity. On their basis Hellipol – a remedy
for the treatment of superficial innocent tumors has been developed. NL-s from
Digitalis seeds are characterized by rare specific composition of
triacylglycerols. Distinct antiviral activity of these compounds made a ground
for the development of anti-flu drug – Digipurol. Specific lipid composition of
Paliurus spina-christi seeds has been established. Tsarubol – original
hepatoprotective, cholagogue drug containing lipophylic phenolic compounds from
Paliurus spina-christi fruits has been developed.
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POTASSIUM INFLUENCE EFFECTS ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE IN NORTH-WEST PAKISTAN
Amanullah*, Muhammad Asif*, Zahir Shah** and Muhammad Hassan*
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield is most sensitive to K application in the
Northwest Pakistan. The objective of this research work was to study the effects
of different levels and timings of K application on yield and yield components
of spring maize (cv. Azam) under irrigated conditions. The factorial experiment
consisted of four levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and three timings (splits)
of potassium application (T1 = One split i.e. 100% at sowing time, T2 = Two
splits i.e. 50% at sowing and 50% at 15 DAE, and T3 = Three splits i.e. 33.3% at
sowing, 33.3% at 15 DAE and 33.3% at 30 DAE) was carried out at the New
Developmental Research Farm of NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar during
2005-06. The results indicated that potash levels and timings had significant
effect on all the parameters studied in the experiment except shelling
percentage. Grains cob-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were increased to a
maximum, when K was applied at the highest level of 90 kg ha-1 but maximum plant
height, stover yield and grains row-1 were obtained in those plots when K was
applied at the recommended rate of 60 kg ha-1. Application of full dose of K
(T1) at sowing time increased plant height, grains row-1, grains cob-1, 1000
grain weight and grain yield while application of K in three splits (T3)
significantly increased stover yield. Shelling percentage increased
significantly with increase in number of K splits when applied at the rate of 60
kg ha-1. Application of K at the rate of 30 kg ha-1 increased grains cob-1 when
applied in two equal splits. Application of K at the rate of 60 kg ha-1
increased grains cob-1 but at the rate of 90 kg ha-1decreased grains cob-1 while
increasing number of splits. Grain yield decreased significantly with increase
in number of K splits when applied at the lowest and highest rate but the
increase in loss was significantly greater when the recommended rate of 60 kg K
ha-1 was applied in three splits. Full dose of K at the highest rate of 90 kg
ha-1 at sowing time is recommended to maximize maize productivity under the
irrigated conditions of North-West Pakistan.
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IMPROVEMENT OF VICIA GERMPLASM IN GEORGIA
A.A. Korakhashvili, P.S. Vacheishvili, I.M. Stepniashvili
Abstract
Arable lands in the South Caucasus' Georgian area (1,1 million hectares) has
deteriorated, mainly due to monoculture, neglect, water and wind erosion, lack
of pesticides and fertilizers. Their rehabilitation and improvement could be
achieved through reseeding and planting of appropriate and adapted feed legumes
germplasm, recognizing the high agronomic potential value of the local seed
material. Georgian State Agricultural University (GSAU) which is responsible for
Georgian legumes and cereals germplasm, initiated genetic resources projects
mainly to collect, evaluate, preserve, multiply and develop local forage
genotypes using mainly the local germplasm. As a result of this effort it was
possible to produce and release several populations of Vicia (Vicia dasicarpa,
Vicia sativa and Vicia narbonenses), besides these landraces, GASU collected and
evaluated above three hundred various species of local annual and perennial
legumes: Melilotus, Lupinus, Galega, Astragalus, Trifolium, Medicago,
Onobrychis, etc. The article will discuss results to-date and hint at
appropriate management of forages in arable land and improved forages in Georgia
soil and climatic conditions [1-3].
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PERSIAN WALNUT IMPROVEMENT IN AZERBAIJAN
Zakir A. Ibrahimov*, Gale H. McGranahan**, Chuck A. Leslie** and Malli K.
Aradhiya***
Abstract
The Caucasus region is regarded to be one of the centers of diversity and
domestication for many Mediterranean–adapted and subtropical fruit and nut
species including Juglans, Corulus, Castanea, Amygdalus, Pistacia, Olea, Punica,
Morus, Ficus, Diospyros and other species. The long cultivation history and the
predominant use of seeds in the cultivation of the crops should offer a wide
range of variation for most traits within and between orchards grown in diverse
agro ecological conditions. Due to Azerbaijan’s wide range of topographic and
climatic conditions, the plant species have complex spatial and temporal
diversity and adaptations to biotic and abiotic factors providing excellent
sources of germplasm. In Azerbaijan, about 50000 ha of land area is planted by
walnut (Juglans regia), either by natural growth (25000 ha forests) or in
cultivation (25000 ha). In other production areas, the walnut harvest reaches
15000 tons per year while the average yield in Azerbaijan is only 3 kg per
trees. Some of the oldest walnut trees can yield 250-500 kg each per year
indicating their genetic potential. Favorable climatic, soil, and geographical
conditions and a rich germplasm pool of walnut can contribute to high yields. If
walnut growth problems are addressed and methods of growing are improved, it may
be possible to achieve a yield of 50000 tons per year. For the past 30 years,
research has been conducted on the biological and genetic diversity
(polymorphism) of walnuts in the country and germplasm from native habitats has
been collected. Some of the results will be discussed in this paper.
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H. R. Movsisyan
Abstract
Agritechnical means have great importance in the struggle against tobacco pests.
We have studied tobacco plants terms, densities, fertilizers doses influences on
the decrease of tobacco thrips number in plants, in conditions of Ararat valley.
In this article tobacco plants terms, densities, nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium
fertilizers effect on the decrease of tobacco thrips number have been
introduced.
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ECOLOGICAL ESTIMATION OF SOILS IN THE ZONE OF VILASCHAY REZERVOIR SERVICE
G.G. Jabrailova, M.Q. Mustafayev
Abstract
Many-years study of the soils on the territory served by Vilaschay reservoir
showed the state of soils and under-ground waters, their mineralogical
composition, dynamics and influence on the productivity of soils. Ecological
parameters were determined in order to evaluate the changes in the soils of the
investigated area.
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DIFFERENTIATION OF AMPHIBIANS’ SPECIES IN HABITING ARMENIA
E. M. Yegiasaryan
Abstract
During evolution the stabilizing type of the natural selection plays a decisive
role that leads to formation of structural and functional systems, including a
complex of phenotypic peculiarities, owing to which animals can more effectively
adapt to appropriate environmental conditions. The most important of such
peculiarities is sound communication which has a wide individual variability.
The aim of this work was to reveal constant specific peculiarities of Armenian
amphibians’ sounds, and also to revise the systematic data on bathrachofauna.
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THE
INFLUENCE OF CAREER METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF MADNEULI COPPER-PYRITE DEPOSITS
ON THE CONDITION OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
T. D. Dzadzamia, U. I. Zviadadze, M. L. Mardashova
Abstract
Harmful influence of career method of development of Madneuli copper-pyrite
deposit on in soils and waters of adjacent territories has been studied. It is
established that contents of heavy metals in the mentioned ecosystems are based
on certain regularities: quantity of metals is more accumulated in soils and
waters situated near the contamination hearth source and relatively according to
distance from the quarry.
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THE INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM ON SPECIAL LOSS OF IRRIGATED WATERS OF ENSILAGE MAIZE
P.K.Bekbaev, E.D.Djaparkulova
Abstract
In the article the influence of different doses of phosphogypsum application on
ensilage maize crop and loss of irrigated waters on their mass unit are
examined.
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE MASS OF LOAD ON FUEL CONSUMPTION IN MOUNTAIN CONDITIONS
O.A.Karchava, G.N. Abzianidze, K.Z. Razmadze
Abstract
Mass of load greatly influences on the fuel consumption of trick. It increases
according to the complexity of the road conditions, because in this case the
power of truck is working in the unstable regime, which provokes the raising of
fuel expense power of truck. The paper deals with the method and a calculating
formula, which define growth of fuel expense due to the complexity of road
conditions. The developed method is tested in the mountain road conditions on
the definite truck and its usage in practice is approved.
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EPIZOOTOLOGY AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST AVIAN INFLUENZA
L.G.Orkoshneli*, K.D. Dzamashvili*, O.I. Bakhutashvili**
Abstract
The paper deals with the epizootology and epidemiological quantitative criteria
of world distribution of avian influenza . It describes a biological process of
virus mutation. On the basis of the theory developed by us we give the most
recent summary of veterinary-sanitary measures, which will enable the government
to avoid the spread of the disease inside the country and at the first stage to
localize the focus infection with subsequent eradication of the disease.
ABORIGEN BREEDS OF ANIMALS OF AZERBAIJAN
A.M. Kuliev, S.M. Surkhaev
Abstract
Azerbaijan people since ancient times were engaged in creation of breeds of
animals, steady against local climatic conditions.
Scientific republics have divided local cattle into two breeds:
• The Big Caucasus Row Mountains, getting divorced on spurs of the big Caucasus;
• The Small Caucasus Row Mountains, getting divorced on spurs Small on Caucasus
and on the lowland laying between this mountain range.
Azerbaijan zebu gets divorced only in Azerbaijan, southern mountain and wood
zone Lenkaran, Astara, Lerik and areas Yardimli. And the Azerbaijan buffaloes
get divorced in regions where it is a lot of water and consequently are
considered hydrophilous. They are large grease-milk to animals, steady to
different infectious to diseases. In republic since ancient times in connection
with distillery and nomadic animal industries are engaged job of a cameleer.Also
since ancient times Azerbaijan is the native land of valuable saddle horses:
Karabakh and Dilbaz. In Azerbaijan there are 9 different natural-climatic and
economic zones. In these zones different radical native breeds of sheep’s get
divorced.
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A.Y. Shirvanyan
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative changes of membrane phospholipids, activity of
phospholypasis A2, POL progresses in cows with leucosis are studied. The
obtained results can be used for diagnostics and ethiopathogenesis of leucosis
in animals.
PERFECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSTICS OF CATTLE ON PRIVATE FARMS, INCLUDING NEW METHODS OF ANIMAL STOCK BREEDING
Yu. A. Shirvanyan, G. L. Baghiyan, S.L. Grigoryan
Abstract
For differentiation of specific reactions to tuberculin on private farms, the
subject of introducing simultaneous test and accelerated simultaneous test with
statistic estimation of reactions of every animal should be introduced to
veterinary practice.
Sh.O.Potskhveria, G.I.Goderdzishvili
Abstract
The eggs of Paramphistomum sp. keep viability at -2 -4C and +39C for few days,
but eggs and their miracidiàms perish fast due to the influence of straight sun
rays. In summer, on the pastures in fecal mass the eggs perish due to the high
temperature, but in moisten places they keep viability approximately for 5 days.
The fresh water mollusks Planorbis planorbis and the parthenites of
Paramphistomum sp. in body of mollusks stand the drying during 40-50 days, still
they perish in 70-80 days. In conditions of -2 -4C the mollusks Pl. planorbis
keep viability and parthenogenesis of Paramphistomum sp. lasts slowly in their
body and hastens when the favorable conditions come.
S.A. Pambukhchyan, S.M. Khachatryan, N.A.Mkrtchian
Abstract
The conducted researches show that at keeping in the same conditions the
Ukrainian meat breed of pigs exceed the pigs of large white breed by live weight
(10êã), by absolute, average daily and relative growth. The pigs of the
Ukrainian meat breed also exceed the pigs of large white breed by the
qualitative indicators of carcass and slaughter outcome. They excel 4.2kg by the
content of flesh in carcass. The pigs of the Ukrainian meat breed of 1kg growth
consume 1.08 food unit less and quicker gather the slaughter weight than the
pigs of large white breed. Profitability of keeping pigs of the Ukrainian meat
breed is higher by 7.7% than keeping pigs of large white breed. Consequently, it
is more profitable to keep pigs of the Ukrainian meat breed.
ANATOMICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE ROOT CHANNELS AND ROOT TEETH NUMBER OF CAUCASIAN SHEPHERD
G. T. Ramishvili Z. F. Badjiashvili, G.A. Tskvitinidze L.L.Tortladze
Abstract
8 Crania were prepared from the Caucasian Shepherd carcasses according to the
maceration method. The number of roots and root channels of incisors, canine
teeth, premolars and molars of the upper jaw arch, possible variation in their
size and distribution were studied. It is stated that incisors, canine teeth and
first premolars more often have one root and one main root channel. The second,
third and fourth premolars have two roots and two main root channels. The first
and second molars have three roots and three main root channels. Sometimes we
encountered different variants of root channels. Number of root channels
coincides with the number of roots and the length of root channels with length
and this is explained by the holes of the apex at the apex.
SOME INDEXES OF PRODUCTIVITY OF SHEEP OF THE MAZEGH BREED
Y.G. Marmaryan, Al-Afdal Ahmad
Abstract
The experiment has been done in Hrazdan Marz, where sheep of the Mazegh breed is
bred. Body weight, figure, wool productivity and wool net yield of the
contemporary sheep of the Mazegh breed have been studied. According to the
results the researchers made the following conclusions: 1) Contemporary sheep of
the Mazegh breed insignificantly took off to the sheep bred 70 years ago by
their body weight. 2) Contemporary sheep of the Mazegh breed are characterized
by relatively high indexes of development. 3) According to wool productivity and
wool net yield , the contemporary sheep of the Mazegh breed have quite high
indexes.
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SOME DATA OF EMBRYONAL DEVELOPMENT OF HENS OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION CHALISPERI AND MEGRULA
A.À. Chagelishvili, M. I. Khutsishvili, A. Sh. Chkuaseli, N. R. Maisuradze
Abstract
The article deals with the comparative material of embryonal development of
indigenous hens Chalisperi and Megrula. It has been determined, that in critical
periods mortality in hens Chalisperi is higher (by 2–3%) that is explained by
the retention of entering of white in amnions and the slower secretion of
metabolism products in allantois in these periods.
BIOCHEMICAL PECULIARITIES OF AGENTS OF BLACK LEG AND INFECTION ENTEROTOXEMIA
T.F.Aloyan, S.L. Grigoryan, M.H.
Hovanisyan
Abstract
The thrive growth of germs depend on their biochemical peculiarity and
composition of culture media. The analysis of biochemical properties of agents
of black leg and infection enterotoxemia promote to creation a new vaccines,
culture media, besides it is necessary for diagnose of diseases.
CONNECTION BETWEEN ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND SOME BIOECONOMICAL FEACHERS APPLIED TO LABORATORY HEN
M. I. Mirgiyants, M.V. Badalyan, G.A. Gasparyan
Abstract
In poultry keeping while breeding it is essential to draw attention to some
genetic-mathematical parameters, one of which is reviling the corrective
connection. The research was carried out in 1998-2002 in Sjunik, on Akhlation
rural farm. Quadro linecross hens of Yerevan’s and Lomann Brown were used. In
the first stage of research pure breeding was done. The second stage involved
reciprocal crossing. The inheritance nature of some bioeconomic features was
studied as well as the correlation between endocrine glands and some bioeconomic
features. The results of the experiment in the laboratory hens have proved
positive correlated connection between endocrine glands and some bioeconomical
features to be applied for a test in selection activities.
APPLICATION OF GAMMA IRRADIATION FOR PROCESSING OF CERTAIN FOODSTUFF FOR
INCREASE OF THEIR STORAGE STABLENESS
S. I. Sahradyan, V. S. Voskanyan
Abstract
A complex research for elaboration of method of raduration of some perishable
products with high content of water (Aw = 0,65-0,95) has been performed, such as
boiled sausage, frankfurters, wieners, fruit and vegetable products with interim
humidity (Aw = 0,65-0,85), different sorts of wheat bread. The optimal
conditions for processing with gamma irradiation of these products have been
established, which allow maximally to save quality, food value and
simultaneously to increase terms of storage.
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ANTOCIANS DYE – INDEXES NATURALNESS OF RED GRAIN WINES
N.Sh.Bagaturia, N.A. Begiashvili, I.V. Kupatadze, B.N. Bagaturia
Abstract
The paper investigated composition of antocians in red grapes’ wines. It was
established, that the content and composition of antocians may used to identify
the fact of falsification of wines.
SUSTAINABLE VINE GROWING, IS IT SUSTAINABLE OR JUST ANOTHER FAD ? – AN
INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW
Gemmrich, Armin R., Arnold, René C. G.
Abstract
Climate change and international discussions about sustainable and
environmentally friendly actions oblige us to rethink our way of working in the
wine industry. Internationally, there is done a lot in terms of sustainable
winegrowing. Especially new world wine producing countries are ahead in
sustainable practices. This article summarizes the different approaches of major
international wine producing countries and lists opportunities for other wine
countries.
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COMPLEX MECHANIZATION AS AN IMPORTANT INTENSIFICATION TOOL OF AGRICULTURE
A.A.Zurabyan
Abstract
One of the intensification means of agricultural production, simultaneously with
chemicalization and melioration of lands, is the mechanization. Chemicalization
and the development of irrigation systems can never produce desirable outcomes
without complex mechanization.
The complex mechanization enables not only to decrease the work expenses but
also increase the yielding capacity of crops. However, the capacity of the
existing machinery pool does comply with the sizes of the private farms.
Therefore, it is required to solve the following issues:
- Ensuring equipment from different projects and using them through leasing
mechanisms;
- Application of more efficient use of the existing equipment, in particular, by
introduction of cooperation principles in this sphere;
Application of efficient mechanism of labor organization.
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ILIA
CHAVCHAVDZE ON AGRICULTURE
P.P.Koghuashvili
Abstract
The paper deals with prominent writer and public figure Ilia Chavchavadze
attitude and the ideas about agriculture and its future development in Georgia.
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