| ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE Vol. 5, No. 2, 2007 ISSN 1512-1887 |
Đóńńęčé |
ROLE OF GEORGIAN WHEAT ENDEMIC SPECIES IN THE EVOLUTION AND BREEDING OF WHEAT (Triticum L.)
P.P. Naskidashvili, M.P. Naskidashvili, I.P. Naskidashvili
Abstract
The results of multiyear research, the significance of endemic species of wheat
in the evolution of Triticum species and its role in modern breeding are shown.
The article contains theoretical and practical data a wheat breeding
colligation.
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RESTORATION OF TRADITIONAL CROP ROTATIONS WITH WHEAT AND GRAIN LEGUMES
A.A. Korakhashvili, P.S. Vacheishvili, I.M. Stepniashvili
Abstract
The results of investigations based on a study are carried out in 1995-2006 in
East Georgia traditional wheat production regions. Article provides background
information on the development of agro-technological Department’s activity in
the field of breeding legumes. Whilst the last 12 years has been difficult and
painful for the specific investigations, the article reports on the consolidated
investigation of 3 crops of winter wheat and chickpea with lentil, their
planting system in crop rotation and fixing of biological nitrogen. This article
outlines investigation plan and new strategy of planting legumes, wheat and new
legume varieties.
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SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DYNAMICS UNDER VARIOUS LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT
M.H. Gerzabek
Abstract
The present paper summarizes a set of three long-term field experiments in
Austria and Sweden, as well as an Austrian wide assessment of soil organic
carbon (SOC) levels in agricultural soils with respect to possible changes of
SOC stocks due to land use and management. Soil use classes could be ranked
according to their average SOC stocks (0-50 cm) as follows: vineyards ~ cropland
< orchards/gardenland < intensive grassland < extensive grassland. Median SOC
stocks (0-50 cm depth) in extensively used grassland (119 t ha-1) were double as
high as those in cropland (59.7 t ha-1). The second important factor is the
fertilizer regime. In a long-term field experiment in Ultuna/Sweden (44 years of
different treatment) animal manure exhibited a 1.5 times higher OC content in
the 0-20 cm layer compared to the mineral N-fertilizer treatment. The least
variation in SOC stocks was introduced by tillage management. In two experiments
(16 and 38 years of experiment) the increase of SOC stocks due to no till or
minimum till was as low as a factor of 1.11 and 1.06 only, respectively. Reduced
(chisel plow) and conventional tillage did not significantly differ from each
other.
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HUMIDITY AS A FACTOR OF FERTILITY OF KRASNOZEMS UNDER MANDARIN PLANTATION
I.Sh. Kontselidze, L.N.
Ebralidze, D.D.Jashi
Abstract
The paper deals with one of the major elements of soil fertility - humidity
under mandarin plantations depending on slope exposure and steepness. It reveals
sharp fluctuations and distributions of humidity in krasnozems. Soils of
southern and eastern exposure with declivity of 250 are characterized by the
worst water regime. Soils of all the exposures with declivity of 250 are
distinguished by the least humidity. Moisture does not stay long on southern and
eastern exposures. Soil surface dries here sooner than on western and northern
ones. Sourhern and eastern slopes receive more solar heat than western and
northern slopes.
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BALANCE OF HUMUS OF SOUTHERN CARBONATE CHERNOZEM UNDER THE CROP OF ONION
R.T.Lolishvili, M.T.Khutsishvili
Abstract
Balance of humus of southern carbonate chernozem has been determined under the
vegetable crop of onion. The effective doses of applied fertilizers which
promote obtaining high harvests and raising the fertility of soils are revealed.
The equations of regression are worked out which enable to control the dynamics
of organic matter in soil and to compensate the losses of humus in time.
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S.A.Mamajanyan
Abstract
To define dynamics of moisture and water reserves in over-wet meadow brown soils
of Ararat valley (10-15 thousand hectares) in conditions of ground water of
different depth (0.5-1.5m) field and vegetation measurements were implemented.
Based on statistic analyses of field observations data the regularities in the
form of mathematic formulas that could be used for calculations of water balance
measurements in the similar territories were found.
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INFLUENCE OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF THE INDUSTRY OF INORGANIC MATERIALS ON THE TOPSOIL
Z.R. Gurbanova, S.M. Ibragimova
Abstract
Influence of the waste products of the industry of inorganic materials on
topsoil has been studied and instructions for protection of the environment
given. Production of superphosphate fertilizer, cement sulphate acid, lime and
gypsum cause pollution of soil and water and eco-geographical condition changes.
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INFLUENCE
OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON FERTILITY OF THE SOILS UNDER THE CULTIVATED BEANS
A.P. Aliyeva, V.I. Ragimov
Abstract
Introduction of different kinds and doses of the organic fertilizers under
cultivated beans increase the content of organic substances, nourishing elements
(NPK), the maintenance of humus and also help to carbon-dioxide (CO2)
activisiation of the microbiological processes. Inserting of the organic
fertilizers into the soil under the cultivated beans increases the process of
self-diffusion (transition of phosphorus acids from hard phase into the soil
solution) that positively influences on productivity and fertility of the soil.
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MICROELEMENTS AND EVALUTION OF WINTER PASTURES' LANDSCAPE
A.B. Jafarov, A.F.Hasanova
Abstract
In the article information about ecological situation of land¬sca¬pe complexes
of Jeyranchol-Ajinour’s winter pastures was given. According to methodics of
ecological evalution all the works began from the evalution of soils fertility
and then ecological evalution of landscape complexes was worked out. In the
result of investigations landscapes of steppe had – 73 points, semidesert
landscape – 56 points and meadow-loggy landscape complexes – 43 points.
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TEST RESULTS OF BACTERIAL STAINS BT AGAINST CABBAGE MOTH IN THE LORI REGION OF ARMENIA
A.M. Karapetyan, M.A.Sarkisyan
Abstract
Biological efficacy of cultural liquids BTKb-1 and BTKb-2 against the larvae of
cabbage moth of the I and II ages is determined in the field experiments. It is
established, that the above mentioned stains develop biological efficacy 92.2%
and more.
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THE USE OF PHYTOSEIIDAE MITES AS AGENTS OF BIOLOGICAL STRUGGLE
K.P. Dilbaryan
Abstract
The data on the use of predator mites from the family Phytoseiidae – Amblyseius
similis Koch, 1839 (Dilijan population) and A. fallacis Garman, 1948 (introduced
species) in struggle against Metatetranychus ulmi Koch, 1836 in the apple
gardens in foothill zone of Armenia are presented. The high efficcasy of the use
of these species (using together or separately) is shown.
SEROLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SOME STRAINS OF PASTEURELLOSIS
S. L. Grigoryan, M. H. Hovhanisyan, A. R. Mkrtchyan, L. G. Tsaturyan, N. Musaelyan
Abstract
Serological identification of various strains of pasteurellosis has great vatue
for creation of vaccines against the disease. It has been found that inoculation
of non-active germs to rabbits do not guarantee the appearance of specific
antibodies in blood serum of infected animals. Though following immunisation by
the living strains of germs provides in the blood serum high quantity of
antibodies. Thus strains are suitable for preparation of high immunogen vaccines
against pasteurellosis.
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PECULIARITUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAIN TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT ON SLOPES
Sh. I. Chalaganidze, O.A.Bedia, G.I.Mosashvili
Abstract
The issues of application of plain technique on the hills taking into account
various factors influencing on the work of agricultural aggregates, such as
relief, physico-mechanical properties of the soils, etc., have been considered
in the article. Corresponding mathematical expressions taking into account
rheological properties of soil are presented.
ASSESSMENT OF COORDINATION OF GRAIN COMBINES AND TRANSPORT OPERATION
Ę.I. Aliev
Abstract
The carried out investigations revealed that untimely harvesting of grain crops
results in yield loss. Harvesting must be done during the agrotechnical period;
productivity of grain harvesters increased taking into account distance of
transportation, road conditions etc. It is necessary to determine the number of
needed transport cars in advance. Optimum conditions for their coordinated
operation should be ensured.
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF GRANULATOR MATRIX PARAMETERS AT WIDE USE OF LOCAL FODDER RESOURCES
M. I. Mamedov
Abstract
This article is devoted to research of optimum geometrical parameters of matrix
of fodder mixtures on the basis of field husbandry and process industry wastes.
By experimental researches it is established, that with increase in diameter of
an aperture of matrix the power of process decreases and quality of granules
worsens. With increase in length of an aperture the phenomenon is mutually
opposite. On matrixes with diameter of apertures 16 mm and 80 mm long, it is
possible to receive granules of high quality with minimal power inputs.
THE STATE OF METABOLISM IN CATTLE
A.G. Ramishvili, T.I. Markhvashvili, Sh.A. Makaradze, T.G.Natidze
Abstract
The paper analyzes the results of metabolism investigation in productive cows
and first-calf heifers. The data received after clinical and laboratory
researhes may be successfully used to define cattle health and to identify early
forms of violations of metabolism.
L. M. Minasyan
Abstract
Daughters of Zhazzet H-4643 bull have the highest milk yield –3350 kg and with
this index they exceeded daughters of Guglon H-4682 bull by 183 kg (5.8 %), but
daughters of Christopher H-4677 –by 243 kg (7.8 %). Daughters of Guglon and
Zhazzet exceeded their mothers accordingly by 90 kg (2.9 %) and by 546 kg (9.5
%) of milk yield, but daughters of Christopher bull – vice versa yielded to
mothers by 403 kg (13.0 %). During evaluation of these bulls by posterity
quality by the method of “daughter-coeval”, Guglon bull by milk yield and butter
in milk appeared to be “neutral”, Zhazzet bull received the category A 3 by milk
yield, and by butter in milk – the category B 1, Cristopher bull received the
category B 3 only by butter in milk of daughters. During evaluation of these
bulls by the method of “daughter-mother”, Guglon bull appeared to be “neutral”
by milk yield of daughters, Zhazzet bull – “improving”, and Christopher bull –
“worsening”. By butter in milk of daughters all the bulls turned out to be
“neutral”. It is suggested to use the bull-improving Zhazzet in herd of the farm
more widely, but the bull-worsening Christopher not to be used at all.
ABOUT
THE TERMS OF EMBRIOGENESIS OF PATHOGENES OF PASSALUROSIS, TRICHOCEPHALOSIS AND
TRICHOSTRONGYLOSIS OF RABBITS IN GEORGIA
M.A.Mosidze, G.I.Goderdzishvili, Sh.O.Potskhveria
Abstract
Favourable temperature for embrional development of Passalurus sp. is 25-40°C,
Trichocephalus sp. – 20-40°C, Trichostrongylus sp. – 20-30°. Eggs of all these
helminths perish at temperature of 45°. The eggs of passalurs and trichocephalus
develop faster at temperature 40°C, accordingly for 36-48 hours and 4-5 days. At
temperature 30°C embrional development of trichostrongylosis sp. finishes for 8
hours and larvŕe go into the environment.
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S.A. Pambukhchyan, I.K. Voskanyan, Z.S.Pambukhchyan
Abstract
In the course of the whole post embryonic development the intensiveness of
growth of the muscles of axial part is higher than that of peripheral. As the
result of the uneven growth of muscles of trunk and extremities their relative
mass in ontogenesis changes. The relative mass of the muscles of axial part in
the post embryonic development increases, and that of peripheral, on the
contrary, decreases. By the speed of growth of the axial skeleton’s muscles the
sheep of mazekh, balbas breed concede to the sheep of coridel type, as a result
of which the increase of the muscular system mass of axial part compared with
the peripheral, occurs later in their case (between 2.5 and 6 months), than in
the sheep of coridel type (since birth till 2.5 months). In recent years of
age-specific period the relative mass of muscular system of axial part in sheep
of cordeli type was higher, than at sheep of mazekh and balbas type. According
to the level of development of the muscles of the axial part of the skeleton the
meat qualities of sheep are judged and this indicator is widely used in sheep
selection. According to our data, for the period from birth till grown-up state
in the body of sheep the muscles mass increased in mazekh for 8.99, in balbas
for 10.20 and in sheep of coridel type by 10.71 times.
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL INDEXES OF NATURALNESS OF FRUIT-BERRY ALKOHOLIZED, FERMENTED AND FERMENT-ALKOHOLOZED JUICES
N.Sh. Bagaturia, N. A. Begiashvili,
I.V. Kupatadze, B.N. Bagaturia
Abstract
Physical-chemical indexes of naturalness of fruit-berry alkoholized, fermental
and fermental-alkoholized juices are established. Boiling indicator of natural
juices according to physical-chemical indicators and physical-chemical possible
norms for 9 kinds of juices are studied.
F. Makeschin, C. Fürst
Abstract
The expected output of ENFORCHANGE consists in (a) combined prognosis models
linking matter flux with single tree growth and stand development under
different climatic scenarios, (b) regionalization-model based planning
instruments using non-linear optimisation approaches for process and
function oriented spatial planning units, (c) guidelines for forest and
planning practice, how to realize an optimum allocation and management of
goods and services in (forest) systems along a gradient of anthropogenous
(industrial) influence, and (d) target group-adapted transfer instruments
for the results.
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ASPECTS OF
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN SHORT-ROTATION COPPICE PLANTATIONS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO
SHELTERBELTS
M. Liesebach
Abstract
Short-rotation coppice (SRC) plantations can be an interesting alternative for
renewable energy on former shelterbelt sites in Georgia. The paper gives a short
review on surveys done to evaluate the ecological impacts of the new biotope
‘SRC plantation’ in Germany. Examples are given for the three levels (1)
diversity of ecosystems, (2) species diversity, and (3) genetic diversity. In
conclusion, SRC plantations represent an own biotope with a specific species
community.
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AGRICUTURE OF GEORGIA – FROM DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE TILL THE PRESENT DAY
N.I. Karkashadze
Abstract
The paper deals with the condition of present agriculture of Georgia: it
analyzes the prospects of introduction of Georgian agricultural production to
the world market, the ways of solving the problems are determined and the role
of agricultural science is identified.
MAIN
TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE REPUBLIC ARMENIA
S.S. Avetisyan
Abstract
The paper deals with the main trends of development of agroindustrial complex of
Republic Armenia, directed towards the welfare of the people of the former
Soviet Union. It can be achieved by improving the supply of agricultural raw
material, food, material-technical means as well as by stabilization of food
markets, supporting producers, motivating foreign goods turnover. All the above
creates necessary basis for better living standards in rural areas.
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MAIN
PROBLEMS OF THE AGRICULTURAL FOOD SECTOR OF AZERBAIJAN
A.F. Abbasov
Abstract
The paper deals with main problems of agricultural food sector of Azerbaijan. It
shows that the main problems of this sector are not in the sphere of
institutional transformations. They are in the increase of demand for the
production of the sector.
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POLICY
OPTIONS AND OVERVIEW FOR MANAGING FOOD PRICE RISKS AND INSTABILITY IN A
LIBERALIZING MARKET ENVIRONMENT
S. R. Asatiani*, R. N. Asatiani**
Abstract
Managing food price risks and instability is a major challenge in the midst of
ongoing food market reforms. Key findings in this article revolve around five
broad areas: (i) the sources and magnitudes of food price instability in
different country contexts; (ii) the economic and social costs stemming from
price instability; (iii) the lessons from food market reforms to date; (iv) the
design of policy reforms in ways that promote efficient and stable market
development and protect the interests of the poor; and (v) potential policy
responses to food price instability in a liberalizing market environment.
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ESTIMATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF GEORGIA
T.R. Kvaratskhelia
Abstract
The paper deals with the current state of agricultural production and agrarian
reforms in the country. Temporary world economic sciences focus at food security
and the factors influencing it. For Georgia, being in the process of transition
to market economy and radical transformations, this issue obtains particular
importance.
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PRINCIPLE DIRECTIONS OF THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT OF AGRIPRODUCTION
IN ARMENIA
E.S. Ghazaryan, A.A. Haikyan
Abstract
The
issues of small and average business in the field of agriculture and
agriprocessing industry as well as possibilities for the development of
rural entrepreneurship in Armenian regions based on optimal allocation of
productive forces concentration and cooperation of the production have been
studied in the article. Complex of measures aimed at the improvement of the
state support and further development of rural entrepreneurship on the whole
has been suggested by the authors of the scientific article.
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DEFINITION OF THE OPTIMUM SIZES OF FARMS ON THE PRIVATIZED GROUNDS KAKHETI
AND SHIDA KARTLI REGIONS IN GEORGIA
L.I.Kelekhsashvili
Abstract
In the
work the role of farms and tendencies of their development,
economic-mathematical models of optimum problems of farms are considered.
Results of the decision on computer basis according to which the optimum
sizes of a farm of various industrial directions are determined, are
predicted.
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