| ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE Vol. 4, No. 3, 2006 ISSN 1512-1887 |
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G.O.Ghambashidze*, W.H. Blum**, T.F. Urushadze*, A. Mentler**
Abstract
We describe the problems of soil contamination with heavy metals, their natural
and anthropogenic sources, their usage, as well as essentiality and toxicity for
biota. In addition, maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals according
to the environmental legislation of different countries are presented.
A. Mohammad and R. Gupta
Abstract
The mobility pattern of 22 amino acids has been examined by soil thin layer
chromatography. Several TLC systems comprising various soil samples as
stationary phase and doubled distilled water, tap water, saline water or aqueous
surfactants solutions were used as mobile phase. The chromatographic performance
of aqueous Tx-100 as an impregnant and as eluent has been investigated. Better
chromatographic performance in terms of spot compactness and clear detection was
observed when Tx-100 was used as mobile phase instead of its use in the
stationary phase.
M.I.Jafarov, G.A.Aslanov
Abstract
It is investigated by field experiences, application of natural zeolite together
with manure and various dozes of mineral fertilizers in irrigated gray-brown
chestnut in ground, the dynamics of nutritious elements in the ground under a
potato of the western zone of Azerbaijan. It is established that, the
application of zeolite together with fertilizers in irrigated conditions promote
increase in the maintenance in ground of ammoniac and nitrogen, mobile
phosphorus and exchange calium.
THE ECOSYSTEM OF VEGETATION COVER OF THE JEIRANCHEL-AJINAURI MASSIF OF AZERBAIJAN
S.Z.Akhmedova
Abstract
Opposite influence of anthropolpgtcal properties, that is, the building of
Karabag Shirvan canals which are situated on the border of Ceyranchol Acinohur
plainm grazing of natural pastures by the cattle above the planned rate,
cultivating of the land by the people with the agricultural plants caused 50 %
of lands to be saline and lessen the rypes of the plants.
CATASTROPHIC DROUGHTS IN SOUTH CAUCASUS, NECESSITY OF THEIR MONITORING AND MITIGATION MEASURES
T.I.Tourmanidze, V. G.Grigoryan, N.G.Chikhradze, G.T.Tetradze
Abstract
Frequent repeatability of catastrophic droughts is a prominent feature of the
climate of Southern Caucasus. The following main principles from which the
strategy on the reduction of losses and managements of a drought should proceed
have been suggested:
• Integration of drought management and measures on its mitigation in national
strategy of development and branch projects;
• Strengthening of hydro-meteorological monitoring and early warning systems;
• Development of a system of coordination response and intraregional
cooperation;
• Development of long-term (seasonal) forecasts and strategy on the resolution
of the problems connected with the climate change.
In Southern Caucasus it is extremely necessary to establish the Regional Center
on Drought Monitoring under the aegis of the WMO and by the financial support of
the World Bank and other international organizations.
G. D. Agladze
Abstract
There are indicated the main indexes of the dynamics of food production in
Georgia in 1985-2005. The reasons of drastic decrease of food productivity in
terms of entering the market relations in the country are considered. On the
basis of the analysis of the received materials of the tendency of development
and productive base of food structure, the main courses of development of the
field are taken to public discussion and in perspective the activities of
growing the productivity and industry of the field and field-food-production
will take place. .
FUNGI - A CARRIER OF MULBERRY PHYTOPLASMOS
N.M.Chkhaidze
Abstract
The paper deals with the question of mulberry dwarf disease circulation with the
help of the soil fungi Phialophora fistigiata (Lagreb et Melin). Conant.
Phialophora have isolated from stems and roots of the mulberries with visual
symptoms of dwarf disease (culture 208). Artificially infected with the
phialophora plants had pale-green, small, deformed leaves with reduced internal
phloem and positive reaction with reactant Dines. The received results show,
that the Phialophora fistigiata is a carrier of mulberry dwarf disease.
B.A Godziashvili. M.V. Chebotareva, M.D Kuchava. Sh.T. Mukhashavria
Abstract
The work deals with the positive role of neutralization acidity of Soy-beans
growth and development on the krasnozem. During the process of vegetation
experiment of experienced chemical ameliorants, the best result showed the
application of dolomite-doze exchangeable equivalently of acid. The difference
between the application of calcium carbonate and Magnesium carbonate is that
using of magnesium carbonate separately, tactically operated on the development
of Soy-beans. By the application of dolomite increase entering calcium and
magnesium in the leaves of soy-beans, the infectivity of magnum absorption was
identified. During the application of dolomite sharply shortened entering of
potassium in the leaves of soy-beans, that shows the need of increase of the
doze of potassium fertilizers.
PROSPECTS OF USE OF TWO-HANDLE GRAIN
I.A.Zedginidze, J.G.Shengelia, Z.D.Khachidze, G.B.Demetrashvili
Abstract
Results of economic study of grades of two-handles of oats and wheat in
conditions of Mukhrani valley are offered. Experiments were conducted in two
terms - summer and winter sowing. It is established, that the investigated
grades of oats and wheat are perspective and reliable to ensure the varieties,
which can be used successfully for the preservation of crops winter, damaged as
a result of an extreme environment conditions.
"BIOSPHERE-EQUIPMENT-HUMAN" AND THE SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CURRENT PROCESSES
A.I.Tolomashvili*, G.Sh.Tkemaladze**, G.D.Butskhrikidze*, I.V.Gelashvili*, I.A.Tolomashvili*
Abstract
It is showed for the maintenance of stabile parameters that ecosystem
“Biosphere-Equipment-Human” (BEH), it is necessary to determine the frequency of
disturbances, caused by the spread of harmful substances. It is proven that the
above can not ensure achievement of perfect characteristics of BEH system
without taking into consideration the reliability indicators of personnel and
equipment, to correctly select effective preventive tools and develop
permanently improving management systems.
RULE OF TENSION PIPE BORE WIDENING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUID FLOWING WITHIN
A.R.Minasyan
Abstract
A new dynamic task of the tension pipe bore widening caused by the liquid
flowing within is fulfilled. Formulae are worked out to determine the normal
radial tensions and shifts.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DEFINITION OF SOILS MOISTURE AT MULCHING
I.G.Kruashvili, K.G. Bziava, I.D.Inashvili, M.V.Loria
Abstract
On the basis of the analysis of the results were of calculatied formulas which
probably can be used with a view of a rough estimate of humidity in ground if
the data of mathematical modeling of soil temperature is known received.
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINES AND WORKING BODIES OF A SOIL-PROTECTIVE COMPLEX
F.A.Mammadov, A.T.Agabeyli, U.F.Bashirov
Abstract
There are two basic directions of the scientific and technical program of
intensification of the manufacture of foodstuffs - increases of fertility ground
and creation of technological complexes and systems of machines of new
generation. The purpose is development of the soil-protective and ant erosion
technologies using effective fertilizers, land improvement and non-conventional
materials, energy sources.
Variants of perspective technologies of ground processing, essentially new
designs of machines and their working bodies for the enrichment of heavy loamy
ground by fertilizers and land improvement materials are considered.
PRODUCTION WITHOUT WASTE TECHNOLOGY OF CLEANING, TRANSPORTATIONS AND CLEARING OF FRUITS OF NUTS
D.A.Mamedov
Abstract
The distinctive features of yields of the nut fruit cultures from the fruit,
consisting of presence of pericarp determining the necessity of the mechanized
primary clearing of nuts, as additional link in the general cycle of line
technology of cleaning, transportations and commodity processing of a filbert
and a Greek nut is emphasized. The purpose is to increase the general level of
mechanization, quality and profitability of manufacture of yields of nut fruit
cultures. Projects of the mechanized production without waste technologies of
cleaning, transportation and primary clearing of a Greek nut and a filbert are
considered.
MAJOR ESTIMATION PARAMETERS OF THE FILTRATION LOSS
L.G.Javakhishvili
Abstract
Validity of application of equation Bernoulli is proved at the description of a
hydro mechanical picture of potential movement. Criterion values of the top and
bottom limits of infringement of the linear law between seepage velocity and
pressure gradient are established. In view of abnormal properties of adsorbed
film water and on the basis of structurally-geometrical ideal model of the soil
calculated dependence for definition of seepage factor is received. For
forecasting of seepage intensity the semi-empirical dependence is recommended
which was developed for a wide class of soil on the basis of generalization of
numerous fields and laboratory experimental data.
N. A.Beridze, T.A. Simonishvili, N.A.Surguladze, T.Sh.Kobakhidze
Abstract
In the article the urgency of the electrified monorail transport for
performance transport - technological operations on slopes and in complex relief
conditions is proved. The differential equations of flat movement of a wheel,
also the parametrical equations of the instant center of movement which
continuously moves along a way are solved. The design of the linear -
step-by-step electric drive functionally corresponds to a task in view, and the
received settlement results are adequate to preliminary results of the
experimental researches.
IMPROVEMENT OF EPIZOOTOLOGICAL PROGNOSIS MODEL IN CASE OF APHTHA
O.I. Bakhutashvili, M.G. Kereselidze, G.V. Davituliani, I.P. Tatrishvili
Abstract
Additional auxiliary factors for improving the methods of short-term and
long-term prognosis as well as for making the basic model are given;
comparative-epizootological, historical-statistical, geographical and economic
conditions expressed in mathematical equations are taken into account. Seasonal
changebility of epizootological process in Malander in Georgia is studyed and
it's concluded, that the movement of Malander within the republic increases in
numbers, coming to maximum in summer and autumn periods, for the last 20 years
it comes accordingly to 32,0±10,15 and 47,32±16,35, when in winter and spring
they were equal to 13,42±6,85 and 19,8±8,65 and it's nearly 2,5 times less than
before. First breakup begin in summer, that, in our opinion, is connected with
the start of migration of great number of animals to the summer pastures.
Another seasonal breakup of the infection is noticed in autumn, when sheep moves
to winter pastures. Then comes a "phase of calmness" and later, the activation
of Malander comes to its breakup again. Inactivation of aphthous fever virus in
soil has been studied, in the regions, covering the zones of driving away route
(Dedoplistskaro, Signagi, Sagarejo, Tsalka, Ninotsminda, Aspindza), due to
seasonal prevalence; it made 41 days in winter, 25 days in spring, 14 – in
summer, 31 days in autumn. In the soil tests, covered with photographic paper,
the data were quite different. In these soils, activity period of aphthous fever
virus was by 20–20% longer than in the soils, that were exposed to ordinary
daylight. Along with inactivation of aphthous fever disease, effect of
temperature and pH was studied too. Thus, inactivation of aphthous fever disease
in the environment is in direct relation with the seasonal prevalence,
concentration of water ions, temperature and light irradiation.
D.S. Zurabishvili, I.N.
Gogolashvili,P.A. Rostomashvili, M.C. Kartvelishvili, Iu.F. Sadaterashvili,
B.G.Chitiashvili,
G.I. Goderdzishvili
Abstract
The new anthelminthic preparation (GZ-048) was synthesized and the method of its
receiving with high yield was elaborated. Compositions GZ –050 and GZ-060 were
prepared on its basis. Preparation GZ-048 has low toxicity and is effective in
minimum dose (40mg/kg) on sexual-mature fasciola. In combination with
acemidophen (GZ-050) in dose 50-130 mg./kg, it completely set free animal from
5-6 week-age trematodes (EE=IE=100%).Preparations GZ-048 and GZ-050 are more
effective than hexykhol, methylin and acemidophen. Preparation GZ-048 has
manifested synergisms with acemidophen and phenacetin (GZ-060) – decrease
toxicity nearly twice and increase spectrum of the pharmacological action.On the
basis of our investigation, it can be concluded that preparation GZ-048 is very
perspective for medical treatment of sheep from fasciolesis. It can be used for
constructing herbicide, phungicidic and anthelminthic compositions.
AVIAN INFLUENZA AND VETERINARY-SANITARY CONTROL MEASURES
T.K. Kurashvili, O.I. Bakhutashvili, I.F. Kharebadze, V.P. Nebieridze
Abstract
The origin of the new diseases and pathogens unknown earlier in science and
practice, outbreaks and epizooties of the known diseases in new, changed forms
of the epizootic stereotype, when the new biological organisms are involved in
pathological process – are one of the main problems of global epizootology.The
real practical, important reasons of the avian influenza outbreak are
unpredicting changes of Intercorelation and interrelations in the systems –
biological, organism-pathogen-environment, as the global, even unimportant
changes in nature affect adequately the nature of the biological properties of
the pathogen with the result of associated new pathogenic mutants, they break
through the specific barrier of immunity and infect a new biological organism,
besides that, one of the factors causing avian influenza in men is the virus
mutation in an organism. The cause of pathological process of swine and
“enriched” variants causing pathological process was elucidated by us early in
2004. Influenza virus (A) is labile genetically and when getting into an
organism together with avian influenza transforms a new mutant, which gets the
property of the disease transmission from a man to a man and the time is not far
off when the global – pandemic and epizootic spread of avian influenza will
happen by means of aerial – dropping transmission with mass mortality of men.
Besides that, in our opinion the activization of pathogens of smallpox,
rinderpest and swine-plague will happen in the nearest future. For the
prevention of avian influenza penetration from certain countries, it is
necessary to keep veterinary supervision on the imported agricultural products
with the prohibition of live birds, frozen meat and semi-finished products
importation, as well as to disinfect transport and men-foot passengers.
Veterinary-sanitary measures should be carried out against infectious diseases
as well.
ON TUSHURI SHEEP AND ITS HISTORICALLY FORMED TWO INTRASPECIFIC TYPES
Sh. A. Lolashvili
Abstract
The article deals with sheep breeding in Georgia, mainly the characteristics of
Tushuri breed of sheep as well as the study of its intraspecific types in
comperative aspect by their wool, meat and milk productivity.
PVFT PHAGE AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS STRAINS CAUSING INFECTIOUS DISEASE IN ANIMALS
T.G.Gabisonia, L.G. Chanishvili, M.M.Nadiradze, N. K.Chakhunashvili, .J.Loladze, D.A.Maglakelidze, I.A.Makadze, K.A.Didebulidz, G.S.Melashvili, T.K. Kurashvili
Abstract
Prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases in animals is a major problem
of practical veterinary. It is considered that the phage preparations may serve
as an alternative remedy to antibiotics and sulphanylamide preparations in
treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. It is significant to
note that along with mono-infections causing by staphylococci and streptococci,
associated infections are very frequent as well as both with intraspecies and
among species variation. Insofaran apparent tendency of development of
resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics consolidate our decision to create a
new phage preparation. As a result of thorough selection a new polyvalent phage
preparation - VPFT has been produced. This phage contains phages against
staphylococci (S.aureus, S.epidermidis, S.saprophyticus) and streptococci (S.pyogenes,
S.viridan, and S.agalactica)
G.A. Samvelyan A.L.Hunanyan
Abstract
By laboratory researches and industrial experiments application of technological
ways of fermentation with the use of carbon dioxide pillow and fractional
application of sulphurous anhydride the practical opportunity of receiving of
white table dry wines of low oxidation value from the varieties of new grape
generation Kangun and Ayvazyani Vardabuyr is established. The positive influence
of use of fermentative yeast pure culture of Sacch. vini and Sacch. oviform is
on wine quality in comparison with spontaneous fermentation is identified to
decrease the general nitrogen and amino acids in experimental wines, thus
preventing occurrences of over-oxidation tones.
THE ECONOMIC GROWTH DEBATE - GEOGRAPHY VERSUS INSTITUTIONS: IS THERE ANYTHING REALLY NEW ?
S. Ahlfeld, H.-R. Hemmer and A. Lorenz
Abstract
International analysis of economic growth has confirmed the theoretical
assumption that international variations in per capita income can to a large
extent be explained by differences in the accumulation of capital and human
capital and by differing rates of technological progress. However, these results
do not provide an answer to the question as to what causes trans-national
variations in accumulation rates and technological progress.
In searching for the ultimate drivers of economic growth, three competing lines
of explanation have emerged:
• The geography-hypothesis which assumes that economic growth is ultimately
determined by geographical characteristics
• The institutions-hypothesis which views the quality of institutions as a
fundamental driver of growth
• The policy-hypothesis which emphasises the importance of economic policy
This paper provides an overview over these three hypotheses and revisits the
debate over their empirical relevance. Comparing the three approaches leads to
the conclusion that none of them is really new and that many of their findings
have already been incorporated into the strategies for international development
assistance. Furthermore, the three hypotheses are not as exclusive as the debate
on geography versus institutions would suggest but are indeed interconnected and
complementary.
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