| ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE Vol. 4, No. 2, 2006 ISSN 1512-1887 |
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PLANTS AND CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT
E.G. Kvesitadze*, G.I. Kvesitadze**
Abstract
This article aims to provide fundamental aspect of phytoremediation, based on
the wide scale of experimental data on detoxification of organical environmental
contaminants in plants. The unique physiological features of plants are
discussed in relation with oxidative degradation of contaminants. The plants
actively degrading contaminants of different structure are selected and shown in
seperate table. Authors aimed to convey the framework upon which the
comperatively new and multidirectional discipline of phytoremediation is based.
The selective use of vegetation for the decontamination of polluted sites would
bring to the creation a new ecological concept based on the joint action of
microorganisms and plants finally aiming at the increase of ecological potential
of our planet.
M. Kostecka *, U. Głaszicz*, Z. Maliński**, A. Niewiadomy*
Abstract
Increase in the number of mycotic infections observed lately has aroused greater
interest in them. Despite intense research many problems concerning infections
have not been solved yet. Of particular importance is phenotype changeability
and ready fungi adaptation for new environments resulting in earlier acquisition
of resistance to fungicidal drugs. The research carried out so far has shown
that the strain Candida albicans is a main pathogen responsible for candidosis.
The recent data show that also the strains of non-Candida albicans e.g. Candida
glabrata and Candida tropicalis are of high virulence. Proteolytic activity is a
specific characteristics of yeast-like fungi being a main factor of their
pathogeneity besides adherence. At present there is a large demand for modern
drugs of stronger fungicidal action and large range of activity. The
2,4-dihydroxyphenylthioamides derivatives studied by us exhibit strong
biological activity towards yeast-like fungi from the genus of Candida. For some
compounds modified in the N-aryl ring, the values MIC μg/mL (minimal
concentration inhibiting microorganism development) were lower compared to those
of commonly known azole preparations. The action of
N,N-[2-ethyl-3-(4’-chlorophenyl)-crotonate]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl-thioamide
inducing significant changes of enzymatic activity of studied strains is quite
promising. From the obtained results it can be stated that the chosen
derivatives or their structural analogs can become interesting objects while
looking for new drugs.
O. Nestroy
Abstract
This paper discusses the genesis of soil from the parent material to the initial
soils, starting from the soil-forming factors and the processes initiated by
them so as to produce visible characteristics. Initial soils are regarded as the
result of a multi-factor process, which also explains the great variety of
initial soils. A tabular survey conveys an idea of the international range of
such soil types. A list of references may help to find information on more
possible soil developments.
FEATURES OF DISEASE OF "CURLY LEAF" OF MULBERRIES
N.A. Stepanishvili, Z.G. Putkaradze, E.V. Kimutsadze, I.O. Chargeishvili
Abstract
TOne of the sources of distribution of an infection is cutting of sick plants
and a sick landing material. Illness is not transferred through ground and
seeds. The optimum temperature for the development of the activator is 25-300 by
C. High humidity of the ground promotes distribution of the disease. Negative
influence of increased dozes of nitrogen and its application is investigated on
the development of disease. The most effective way of struggle against it is
establishing of steady grades. Operation (exploitation) of mulberry trees is the
most provocative factor for the development of disease.
ON THE EFFECT OF INFLUENCE OF NATURAL ZEOLITE - LAUMONTITE ON THE GROWTH OF SOYBEAN IN MIXED SOWINGS
L.J. Gvasalia, M.A. Kardava, T.G. Andronikashvili
Abstract
It has been identified that an application of laumontite containing rocks in the
acidic, infertile soil of Kolkhidian lowland allows to lower the acidity of soil
solution by 2,5 units (from pH-4,2 to pH-6,7). It’s estimated, that application
of combination of laumontitecontaining rocks from the deposit of Georgia and
fresh cattle manure as a fertilizer increases 2,7 fold the numbers of tubercles
on the soybean’s roots. It’s showed, that the above mentioned fertilizer
increases the yield of soybean’s total plant weight and grain by 29,5 and 28,3%,
respectively, and yields to no mineral fertilizers in the efficiency of its
positive influence, also as distinguished from the last ones this fertilizer is
characterised by the effect of after-action during three years.
G. D. Agladze
Abstract
The article offers an overview of data on the dynamics of indices in animal
breeding and fodder production in Georgia through 1985-2005, also analyses main
developmental trends of the named branches in perspective. The author identifies
causes of ongoing processes and significant changes in animal breeding and
fodder production, which determined: a significant reduction in the number of
cattle and poultry and decrease in productivity, as well as a decline in meat
and diary production. The author proposes gradual rehabilitation plan of both
animal breeding and fodder production, the level of which has not yet reached
the level of that of 1990, excluding milk and honey production.
IMPACT OF RANGELAND USE ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY
A.A.Torekhanov
Abstract
During the transition period, the intensive fattening practices have become less
important. Range fattening (nagul) has several economic and zoo-technical
advantages as compared with traditional fattening. In this context, the present
article reflecting the practical opportunities for range fattening is of a
considerable interest to livestock specialists. Livestock benefits from free
fodder while being grazed on natural rangelands. This process does not reqiure
labor consuming process of livestock feeding, cleaning, arranging for stable and
shelter etc. The article is written based on the data collected from various
breeding farms located in Panfilov district of the Almaty Province. Traditional
fattening was performed as a control and was based on the availability of feed
resources. The author demonstrates that during the grazing season, the
rangelands located near by the settlements are being degraded. Remote rangelands
can be used more efficiently for fattening. Yield of wood was also higher when
the animals were grazing on remote rangelands.
BIOENERGY AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF NATURAL GRASSLANDS OF ARARAT DEPRESSION IN ARMENIA
B. Kh. Mezhunts
Abstract
Studies of productivity and energy potential were carried out in the natural
pastures and hayfields of the Geghama ridge and Mt. Aragats. Laboratory
measurements were made in the Reading University (UK). As established, the
productivity of grasslands varies within 159-408 g/m2, energy potential –
3.0-7.4 MJ/m2, gross and digestible energy values – 15.1-20.0 and 9.6-10.8 MJ/kg
respectively, the content of in-vitro digestible organic matter – 524-618 g/kg
and crude protein – 72-200 g/kg, which are basically comparable with the
literature data. The influence of plant botanical groups and vertical zones on
energy potential and fodder plants quality of the studied pastures and hayfields
is also considered in this paper.
OXIDATION OF ORGANIC XENOBIOTICS BY PHENOLOXIDASE FROM TEA LEAVES
M.V. Pruidze, G.A. Khatisashvili, N.T. Omiadze
Abstract
The processes of oxidation of nitrobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by crude
preparation of phenoloxidase from fresh leaves of tea plant have been studied to
reveal a role of plant phenoloxidases in oxidative degradation of organic
xenobiotics. Catechol and preparations of polyphenols and catechins from tea
leaves have been shown to stimulate hydroxylation of nitrobenzene. It was
suggested that oxidative degradation of xenobiotics with participation of
phenoloxdase is carried out by co-oxidation mechanism: the enzyme oxidizes
natural substrates and formed active intermediates (semiquinones, quinones) in
turn oxidize xenobiotics.
RESULTS OF GENETICAL AND SELECTIONAL STUDY OF NATIVE AND SELECTIONAL SORTS OF GEORGIAN SOFT WHEAT
P. P. Nasckidashvili, M.P. Nasckidashvili, I. P. Nasckidashvili
Abstract
As a result of the selectional and genetical study of native and selectional
sorts of Georgian soft wheat has been discovered that at their genetype almost
whole are those genes which determine high ability of adaptation, stability to
diseases, restoration of pollen fertility, winter hardy, fast growth of plants,
high-productivity of plants, short stem, easy threshing ability, stability to
scatter of corns, high-protein in corns, flour-milling and bread baking
high-quality. Moreover, at their genotype have been discovered dominant
complimentary genes, which determine, at selectional meaning, such undesirable
phenomenons as: hybridous necrosis (genetical system Ne1+Ne2); the red hybridous
chlorosis (genetical system Ch1+Ch2); the yellow hybridous chlorosis (genetical
system Chl1+Chl2) and the hybridous dwarfness (genetical system D1+D2D3).
Moreover, there has been discovered the combinational ability of native (Tetri
dolis poori; Tsiteli dolis poori, Lagodekhis grdzeltavtava, Hulugo, Tetri
ipekliy, Korboulis dolis poori) and selectional (Dolis poori 35-4, Dolis poori
18-46, Vardzia, Aisi, Tbilisuri 5) sorts of soft wheat.
M.N. Mutshaidze
Abstract
The paper deals with the influence of planting terms upon the growth and
development of Cactus dahlia cultivars under the conditions of Tbilisi. The
third decade of May and the second decade of June are considered to be the best
periods for planting when cultivating Cactus dahlia cultivars. When Dahlia
cultivars are planted in late period the interval between different development
phases is shorter. Less time is spent on care of plants consequently, expenses
are less, which is very important for wide production of the plant. But the
advantage of early planting is early flowering and tubers of high quality.
ANOMALIES OF TEMPERATURE OF AIR AND RAINFALL IN SAMTSKHE-DJAVAKHETI MOUNTAINS
R.S Meschia, G.P Gogitshaishvili, T.T.Urushadze
Abstract
In XX century in the investigated region a cold continuance of year was warmer,
than a warm continuance of year that grows out from the modern climate
fluctuation.The back coupling of sediments with the air temperature [2] is
revealed, i.e. at magnification of the positive anomalies of temperature of air,
sediments decrease, and at growth of the negative anomalies of temperature, on
the contrary, rainfall amount increase. It is legitimacy it is preserved as
monthly, seasonal, and in an annual interval of time.As a whole, ÕÕ-that century
temperature of air in explored region, both in cold, and in a warm continuance
of year was low, and for last 50 years - high.The important feature of the next
months of anomalies of temperature of air is that warm month is followed by a
cold month. For example, for warm November - cold December, for warm January -
cold February and warm March follows. In a warm continuance of year in many
months the original inertness as after the abnormal month anomaly of the same
character is more probable, than opposite comes to light. Such communication of
anomalies of neighboring months shows that synoptic situations frequently begin
in one month and grasp others. It happens, that it covers some months. The
received effects give evidence about basic regularity of secular change of a
regime of temperature of air and sediments in Samtske-Djavakheti, that has major
scientific and practical value.
A.Sh. Supatashvili
Abstract
In Kakheti and Nukho-Zacatala districts of Georgia: 16 species from 3 families
of dendrophile sawflies were revealed and were distributed according to height.
The table shows that 10 species were marked in I- belt 0-500 m a. s. l., where 3
species Tomostetus nigritus, Macrophya albicincta and Neodiprion sertifer were
common for that belt, but for the second above 500-1000 m a. s. l. 12 species,
where Hoplocampa minuta, Blennocampa pusilla and Macrophya annulata were common
only. Thus, 6 species of the revealed sawflies were common for the 1st- belt,
but over 10 species for double belt distribution.
POTASSIUM NUTRITION OF TEA BUSH
B.A.Godziashvili
Abstract
The application of potassium fertilizer increases tea-bush productivity till to
50%. Average quantity of potassium has to be 25 mg/100g. in soil, and 2% in
leaves. Chalking of soil reduces the availability of potassium in leaves. It was
identified that increasing the potassium in soil reduces entrance of magnesium
in tea leaves.
K.V. Gogishvili, N.G. Tzertsvadze
Abstract
In the article are given the results of agronomic and technologic studies of the
introduced European grapevine cultivars: Riesling, Sauvignon, Pinot black, Pinor
white and Pinot gray in the zone of Saguramo-Bitsmendi. According to the data of
our investigation these cultivars are well adapted to the soil-climatic
conditions of the zone; they have developed all physiological stages according
to the climatic factors; show satisfactory level towards fungi diseases; reached
the stage of full maturity, which became the result of high and quality
harvesting; lastly, excellent wine materials have been made for the production
of sparkling wines. The results of these investigations allow us to recommend
all these varieties for cultivation in the regions of Shida (Inner) Kartli.
SOME
AGROECOLOGICAL POINTS OF HOP (Humulus lupulus L.) GROWING IN EASTERN GEORGIA
L. S. Makhauri
Abstract
In the work is given agroecology of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) which grows
wildly in Eastern Georgia. Ecological conditions of its growing, is investigated
its biochemical indexes and dynamics of the heavy metals contained in the cones
of the hop have been investigated.
I.G. Kruashvili, K.G. Bziava, I.D. Inashvili, M.V Loria
Abstract
On the basis of mathematical simulation an establishment of a picture of
temperature distribution at a soil depth as a result of operated energy in a
mulching zone.
FORECAST OF FIRMNESS AND DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF COVERING CONSTRUCTIONS OF IRRIGATION CANALS
L.G. Javakhishvili
Abstract
The article deals with the estimation of the technical-operational covering of
irrigational canals which have been carried out from concrete and cement-bound
surfaces. The necessity of the account of the surface of molecular effects of
water movement for capillary "apertures" is underlined. The design model of the
combined reinforced-concrete flume is considered and the definition of size of
the residual deformation for each thermodynamic cycle of cases for statistically
equal systems is offered. The conclusion is drawn that the quality standard of
deformation essentially correctly reflects a specific cycle of lengthening flume
is drawn and allows to pick up the concrete recipe excluding emergencies in à
flume of water-spending canals.
POSSIBLITY OF REDUCING ROTARY WIDTH FOR WHEELED TRACTORS AT CULTIVATED AREAS
V.A. Butshukuri, R.R. Kikvidze
Abstract
The article considers the operation of the proposed device designed for reducing
the radius of rotation of wheeled tractors when leaving a cultivated area and
thereby reducing the width of the rotary strip.On the basis of the conducted
research of kinematics and dynamics of the rotation, when the rotation is
effected by means of additional front wheels disposed transversely to
longitudinal axle of the tractor, its working capacity and expediency of use is
identified.
OPERATION ANALYSIS OF THE IMPROVED MOUNTED MECHANISM
V.Z.Miruashvili, O.M. Tedoradze, Sh.G. Kavtaradze
Abstract
In the present paper we consider the problem of motion of the aggregate during
conduction of agricultural processes in interspaces of cultivated plants.
Theoretical analysis of the operation of a new mounted mechanism is given. The
interrelation between design factors of hydromechanical system of the mounted
mechanism and amplifiers of the power system of tractor management has been
established.
TAXONOMIC
STATUS OF REPRODUCTIVES AND MEASURES AGAINST PIROPLAZMIDOZES
E. G. Gojayev
Abstract
Pyroplasmosis ought to be included in the ecological group of transmissible
endogenic parasitic disease, the originators of which leave the final or
definitive master only through the biological transmitting agent. In the
separation of beneficial animals and predators in the identification of
pyroplasmosis, besides zoological criteria it is necessary to take into account
immunobiological characteristics. Pyroplasmosis develops its sensibility in
large horned cattle, zebus, and all aged hybrids, irrespective of sex, race and
physical status.
ON THE DIAGNOSTICS OF ANIMAL HELMINTHIASES
H.Z. Naghashyan, A.R. Hakobyan, V.B. Andriasyan, O.V. Shcherbakov
Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the comparative analysis of the effectiveness of
several flotational helminthoovoscopic methods of helminths laboratory survey.
The most efficacious method has proved to be a flotation method after
Shcherbovich.
CORRELATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF BEEF OF THOROUGHBRED AND CROSS-BREED YOUNG
ANIMALS
R.T. Sargsyan
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the correlated contacts of the features,
characterizing the meat qualities of bull-calves of the Caucasian fulvous breed
and its cross-breed with the specialized meat breeds of hereford, sharole,
limouzine, kian, also zebu of Pridneprovsky meat type of cattle.
TOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIA AS A CAUSAL FACTOR OF ESCHERICHIA PATHOGENICITYS
J.V. Natskebia, E.J. Natskebia, K.J. Natshkebia
Abstract
Clostridia, in spite of being anaerobes, keep in touch with escherichia in
places of their joint inhabitance and as donors transmit to them different
properties: pathogenic, hemolytic, antigenic, resistance to antibiotics and so
on. Escherichia being permanent inhabitans of gastrointestinal tracts of men and
animals, belong to normal microflora, however among a large number of cells
there are individuals copulating with clostridia and getting different factors
from them; this phenomenon can be realized in other ecological niches of
environment. The pathogenicity of escherichia is caused by the transmission of
toxigenicity from clostridia, though they are avirulent.
A.G.Ramishvili
Abstract
X-ray photometrical indices of mineralization of the fifth tail vertebra of
healthy cows of the red-steppe breed in condition of Georgia make up 17,560,43
mg/mm2 and even more. Decrease of mineral saturation from 17,120,26 mg/mm2 to
16,080,27 mg/mm2 characterizes the subclinical stage, and less than 16,080,77
mg/mm2 also the clinical stage of osteodystrophia. Roentgenography of the last
tail vertebras of cows shows the clinical stage of the disease. It is
characterized by a resorption of the last tail vertebras, from which formations
of the kind of one or two sports are remained and on the superincumbent
vertebras it is characterized by an absence of the distinct trabecular picture
or by an absence of relief and widening of the bone canal.At this stage of
disease in the serum of the blood of ill cows there was noticed a decrease of
the general protein 16,280,122%), non-organic phosphorus (4,480,18 mg%), and
an increase of activity of the alkaline phosphotase (4,480,18 units of
Bodanskiy). While kept keeping at the main ration, giving the mineral-vitamin
addition, a high consistence of the fifth tail vertebra could be observed:
17,840,32 mg/mm2 and even more.The method of X-ray photometry is the most
prospective one for an early diagnostics of the mineral metabolic disease. The
method of X-ray photometry can also be applied for controlling the efficiency of
treatment and preventive measures in the system of clinical examination of
animals.
E.G. Khorguani, V.A. Tshikadze
Abstract
The optimum immunizing dose of virus vaccine from the strain BOR -74 for the
poultry with the dust aerosol vaccination has been established in order to
research the effectiveness of the dust aerosols of vaccines serologically in
reaction on glueing and by bioprobe. The dispersiveness of dust- vaccine and
concentration of dust -vaccini in the poultry yard has been identified. The
economic effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with the basic-
intranasal method of vaccination has been identified.
TERMS OF DAMS' PREGNANCY, FRUITFULNESS AND VIABILITY OF YOUNG SHEEP OF CORDELI TYPE
S.A. Pambukhchyan
Abstract
The duration of dams` pregnancy, lambed by singles, formed 148.58-148.92 days,
at fluctuations from 142 till 157 days, and lambed by twins, accordingly –
148.36-148.60, at fluctuations from 144 till 155 days. A reliable difference has
not been defined and also in duration of dam’s pregnancy, lambed by reels and
ewe-lambs. The results of our researches show that the duration of dams`
pregnancy of cordeli type is relatively short and characteristic for early
meat-woolly sheep. The outlet of lambs for 100 lambed dams on the average for
three years makes 120.4 % at fluctuations from 115.4-126.8 %. From all the born
lambs on the average for three years for the spacing 87.5 %, with fluctuations
from 85.5 up to 91.6 % were kept. The outlet of lambs for 100 lambed dams by the
moment of spacing has made 105.3 %, with fluctuations for 98.5 up to 107,1%. The
practical outlet of lambs on the average for 3 years formed 94.8%, with
fluctuations with 92.4 up to 99.8 %.
D.A. Bolkvadze, L.A. Mujiri
Abstract
A great demand and wide consumption of spirit including cognac spirits require
profound research and expansion of production. The objective of the present work
is improvement of the quality of cognac spirit by means of using the wine
materials with optimal doze of fiber. Objects of research were wine materials
received from industrial sort of grape “Rkatsiteli”. Tentative and control wine
materials were prepared by adding of pressing and combs of grapes with a
different percentage. Alcohol fermentation was carried out and then distillation
of wine materials on cognac spirit. When analyzing the obtained results, they
show that all the researched variants of wine materials and cognac spirits are
close to the ports of existing standards. The best results were received in the
variant of Rkatsiteli + 5% pressing. These data may be used for processing of
rational technology of producing a high-quality cognac spirits.
N. A. Dzotsenidze
Abstract
According to the studies of some researchers burials of Picea orientalis and
Abies Nordmanniana were exposed far more eastwards than is the present day area.
It is explained by the fact that in xero-thermal period that followed glacier
epoch two mesophite species disappeared, which is due to mainly by the arid
atmosphere and deficit of precipitates. At the extreme eastern limit of the
present day area, due to dry climatic conditions spruce and fir were replaced by
more xerophite species, such as, beech, pine, hornbeam and oak
PRESENT
CONDITION OF LANDSCAPING IN CITY OF GYUMRI
A. S. Khatshatryan
Abstract
As a result of devastating earthquake in 1988 and energetic and economic crisis
of the 1990s, significant changes in the variety of vegetation, i.e. trees and
bushes took place in Gyumri. There was a significant decrease in the green zone
of the city. Presently, there are 65 varieties of vegetation in Gyumri.
Comparative analysis of the data from 1966 to 2005 demonstrates that during last
40 years the variety of vegetation in Gyumri has decreased almost two times.
GLOBAL WARMING AND THE PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN GEORGIA
N.I. Karkashadze
Abstract
The global warming could be the reason of changing the stability of ecological
systems, which has been formed for centuries, and has become the reason of
transformation of living organisms. The aim of Scientists is to predict in time,
the development of this processes, otherwise it could be possible to loose the
living organisms useful features which are necessary for human existence. These
processes are discussed in this paper in Global and Regional level.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STATE REGULATION AND CONTROL OF BANKING IN REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
H.Kh. Khatshatryan
Abstract
In recent years, in a number of developed countries, the expediency of
separating the control and regulation functions of banking from the Central
Banks is noticeable. This was necessary to assist central banks to carry out a
more complete independent fiscal and crediting policy.At present, when the world
economies are involved in the globalization processes, due to the increase of
the role of the communication technologies it becomes impossible for different
countries to develop their economies separately if there are no banking and
fiscal systems of full value which function in the regime of integrated
regulation in respect of control. Now, it is actual to develop and generalize
the ideology of the banking control and approaches in carrying out reforms in
the legislative sphere of the state control and regulation of banking.
SOME QUESTIONS OF THE STATE REGULATION OF AGRARIAN SECTOR
N. Javadov
Abstract
In the article the basic aspects of state regulation and support of agrarian
sector of economy are analyzed. Having allocated specific features of
agriculture as brances, the author makes an attempt to formulate full, adequate
and precise definition of the essence of the state regulation in the agrarian
sphere. Special attention is paid to the factors of economic system making
necessary intervention into the state economy. It is marked in particular, that
the role of the state regulation rises in conditions of transitive economy.
MEETINGS AND WORKS WITH V.A.KOVDA
B.P.Gradusov
Abstract
A number of problems of soil science in light of the scientific inheritance V.
A. Kovda is considered, urgent from the point of view of modern scientific,
practical and ecological tasks; importance hydromorphic a stage of soil
formation on plains of the modern continental block which is taking place in
geockratic mode and a present stage of work above classification of the soils;.
probability of synthesis of quartz and clay minerals at soil formation in
connection with special biogeogenetic by environment of mineral formation in
pedosphere; problems pedo-lithogenic connection soills and deposits of
hydrosphere on connected of geography and genesis of clay minerals of soils and
ocean deposits; importance of classification works and global pedo-lithogenic
generalizations by V.A. Kovda; concept about the advanced fertility of a soil
cover in works of V.A. Kovda. The facts from personal meeting of the author with
V.A. Kovda since 1953 are informed also.
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