| ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE Vol. 3, No. 1, 2005 ISSN 1512-1887 |
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TRANSPORTATION OF AMINO ACIDS THROUGH STATIC FLAT BED OF SOIL IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER-IN-OIL MICROEMULSION
A. Mohammad*, H. Shahab and S. Hena
Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002, INDIA
Abstract
Soils were used as stationary phase in combination with water and water-in-oil
microemulsion for thin-layer chromatography of 28 amino acids. The TLC system
involving buffered soil (S2 soil, pH = 2.06) as the stationary phase and
water-in-oil microemulsion (SDS + H2O + n-heptane + n-pentanol; 8g + 8ml + 160ml
+ 24ml) as the mobile phase was identified as the most favourable system for
sensitizing the enhanced mobility of tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, norleucine
and ornithine. The TLC system consisting of buffered soil S2 (pH = 2.06) as
stationary phase and water as mobile phase was considered suitable for
transportation of most of the amino acids, except DLisoleucine.
Keywords: TLC system, Soils, Water-in-oil microemulsion, Amino acids.
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LAUMONTITE - MINERAL PROMOTING GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASE IN WHEAT CROP YIELD
T.G.Andronikashvili, S.L.Urotadze, T.K.Kvernadze, N.A.Osipova, N.B. Burkiashvili
P.G. Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry of Georgian Academy of Sciences
Abstract
Positive effects of laumontite containing rocks (natural zeolites of sedimentary
origin), introduced into soil, on the growth of winter wheat has been showed.
Intensive germination of wheat seed even under extreme conditions, oppression of
the growth of weed on the test plot, increase of the immunity of the plant to
the diseases occur while using laumontite containing rocks. Under the influence
of this mineral, yields of wheat grain and green mass increase to a considerable
degree; technological and other indices of wheat grain improve as well.
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SYSTEMATOLOGY - A NEW TREND IN THE RESEARCH
N. I. Karkashadze
Abstract
The new trend in the science - systematology is given it this paper. The essence
of this problem is discovered by introducing a new methodology, by means of
separation of the functions of systemic, synergetic and informational units.
Basing on the phenomena a the internal development, selforganization and
informational approach, gives us the possibility to develop a new understanding
of new processes, phenomena and the ways of preservation of positive
characteristics of the system. The new direction of economical thinking -
systematology could be used in agriculture to solve food and a large number of
other problems..
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G. D.Agladze, G. V. Basiladze
Abstract
The results of the investigations carried out on fertilizing of Alpine pastures
of South Upland of Georgia have been considered. The influence of applying
mineral fertilizers on: 1) composition and changes of some agrochemical indices
of soil; 2) cropping capacity and postural fodder quality; 3) health and the
main biochemical parameters of blood in cows; 4) milk yield of cows – milking
capacity and quality; 5) product quality – cheese, have been studied. It has
been determined, that by the influence of increasing norms of nitrogen
fertilizers (from 60 to 150 kg/ha against a background P60K60) the cropping
capacity of green mass of grass stand increases from 122 to 265% and the best
economical efficiency is achieved by the applying yearly N90P60K60. The
recommended norm of mineral fertilizers does not influence negatively the
accumulation of nitrates in grass, animal health, and neither the composition of
blood in experimental cows; optimum norms of mineral fertilizers increase milk
yield of cows and cheese quality.
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COLLECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF PUMPKINS GERMPLASM FOR EAST GEORGIA
A.A.Korakhasvili, I.E.Vepkhvadze
Georgian State Agrarian University
Abstract
Pumpkins varieties was selected by our group of scientists during recent 16
years for collection and protection in-situ and ex-situ conditions, for their
further breeding, improvement and releasing of new varieties by modern breeding
methods, technologies and extension service. During this time in 4 expeditions
where collected 46 accessions of pumpkins, selected and released 2 new varieties
with short vegetation period for the growing in semi-dry conditions in the east
part of the country.
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PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE PLUM ROOTS SYSTEMS IN RELATION WITH SOIL CONDITIONS
M.G.Vardzelashvili, T.T.Urushadze, D.Sh. Khachidze
Abstract
The results of the investigation of plum roots architectonics in different
soil-climatic conditions are analyzed in the article. Comparable data with the
method of skeleton of the root systems of species of plums were investigated on
cinnamonic (East Georgia) and meadow-alluvial (West Georgia) soils.
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THE CONTENT OF AVAILABILITY NUTRIENTS AS AN INDICATOR OF SOIL STABILITY TO CHEMICAL INFLUENCES
E.G.Pivovarova, L.M.Burlakova
Abstract
It is shown that various soils are characterized by different ranges of
vegetation dynamics of the content of availability nutrients (CAN), which can be
used as indicators of their stability. The wider the range of vegetation
dynamics of CAN the more stable is soil to anthropogenic influence. If this
range is narrow it is easier to regulate soil regimes, while there is a danger
of upsetting soil stability. Agro-technologies supposed to be used as to sustain
soil stability. No deficient balance of organic matter and available nutrients
is one of the ways to achieve it. Monitoring the range of vegetation dynamics of
CAN allows to expose latent forms of upsetting soil stability.
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PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABOVE-GROUND PARTS OF VINE RKATSITELI MUSKATURI
A.D.Saralidze
Abstract
The interaction between the parameters of vegetative organs (parts of vine) and
yield indexes has been investigated. The experiments were held on the vine
variety – Rkatsiteli Muskaturi. The results of the researches showed that
alongside with the increased weight of the perennial organs of plants (up to
definite level) the indexes of yield ness increase the number of yielding
shoots, the number of bunches of grapes and the yield per bush. Alongside with
the increased weight of the perennial parts other indexes of growing capacity of
vine bush increase – the length of shoots, the assimilation area of the leaves,
the weight of cuttings and the quality of ripeness of shoots.
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AGROCLIMATIC ASPECTS OF FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN AND HIGH-MOUNTAIN REGION
OF GEORGIA
G.G.Meladze, M.U. Tutarashvili, M.G. Meladze
Abstract
The total data of air temperature and atmospheric precipitations for the growth
and development and technical maturity of agricultural crops are presented. The
temperatures providing nomogram, which is useful in case we know the sum of many
years air temperature above 10° for the given region is also presented. The
nomogram gives an opportunity to define the sum of required temperatures for
definite plants, how often it will be provided for organic agriculture in 10 and
more years. The designed map indicates four zones on the basis of the total air
temperature over 100C. Each zone shows the distribution of agricultural crops.
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HARMFUL ORGANISMS OF WINTER-WHEAT CROPS AND MODERN TACTICS OF COMBATING THEM
R.A, Khubutià, N.I. Endeladze, M.G.Jugeli
Abstract
Fitosanitary monitoring of the conditions of winter-wheat crops has shown wide
spread of common bund fungis, fuzarium and rotten roots, which is closely
connected with infected seed materials and ground. From the examined assortment
of seed treatment with Dividend 2 kg/t proved to be most effective. Existence of
both sensitive and stable to 2,4-D weeds determined the choice of combined
herbicides Lintur. If the pests are lower than the economic threshold of harm,
treatment with Dividend and Lintur gives visible increase in productivity with
ecotoxic pressure.
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RADIATION INFLUENCE PRODUCED ON PATHOGEN OF WHEAT RUST
J. N. Zedgenidze, T.G.Darsavelidze, M. P. Naskidashvili, J. G. Shengelia
Abstract
Stimulating agents of brown and stem rust of wheat (Puccinia recondite) and
(Puccinia graminis) were used to study the influence of gamma-radiation produced
on the rust fungus of wheat. Uredospores of the former have been subjected to
irradiation by gamma-ray doses of 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 and 3500 gray. It
was ascertained that the dose of 500 gray doesn't significantly influence
germination of uredospores. Stimulation was observed at 1000 gray. Spores of
brown and stem rust of wheat have grown by 9,9 % and 7,7 % accordingly, in
comparison with the spores not irradiated. The artificial contamination of
plants has shown that the spores irradiated with 500 and 1000 gray doses,
contaminate plants more intensively, than not contaminated spores. Pathogen in
parasites drops at 1500 gray. Spores irradiated at 2000 gray fail to
contami¬nate tetraploid varieties of wheat, whereas hexaploid varieties were
contaminated by 1. The pathogen index of parasites is preserved even after the
tenth day of dosing contamination. Thus, the experiments have revealed that P.
graminis is more resistant against irradiation than P. recondite. The strong
background of irradiation increases significantly the pathogen level of fungi
and negatively affects the productivity.
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USE OF NITROGEN OF FERTILIZERS BY LEMONS
Sh.D.Lominadze, G.J.Leonidze
Abstract
The transformation of nitrogen of fertilizer, with application of a stable
isotope was investigated on the red soils in separate bodies of a plant of a
lemon. The carried out experimental researches allow to conclude, that in
producing the leaves of a lemon the nitrogen fertilizer plays a significant
role, which makes 40-60 %. Other part reproductive leaves of a lemon is formed
as result of nitrogen of soil. The concentration of a nitrogen fertilizer in
lemon is distributed in gradually reducing amounts through the organs in the
following way: the leaves, the branches: 1-2 years old, 3-4 years old, roots:
absorbing, conducting and rod. High nitrogen concentration fertilizer is marked
in the reproductive organs of the lemon yield. The essential mass of nitrogen
complex of fruit (the flesh and black) 43-74 % and 47-74 % is respectively
formed at the expense of the fertilizers.
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THE SOIL-FORMING ROCKS IN THE HIGH MOUNTAINS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
K.V.Mindeli, A.L.Kanchaveli, Kh.K.Mindeli, N.E.Azaurashvili
Abstract
The paper deals with the soil-forming rocks in the high mountains of the Central
Caucasus. The soil-forming rocks are presented by rocks of different genesis and
age: granites, marls, limestones, sandstones etc.
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DESIGN PROCEDURE OF MOBILE BRICKETING MACHINES
M.T.Baghdasaryan
Abstract
In the majority of regions of Georgia and Armenia where the level of solar
radiation is high, application of technology of bricketing of hay of natural
seasoning, with the use of a mobile bricketing combine is expedient. The design
procedure of a mobile bricketing combine has been worked out, which can be used
by designer architectures for designing similar machines. The designed technique
was the basis for the construction of making trailer hay - bricketing combine
ÏÊÁ-2,0.
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Sh.I.Chalaganidze
Abstract
The technology of laying out the forest on abrupt, tractor and transport
inaccessible sites with the application of a portable rope-way installation is
developed. A methodology has been worked out for the assessment of the dynamic
pressure within the rope during transition processes of ascending and descending
loaded carts.
TECHNOLOGY
AND TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCING COMBINED FOOD THROUGH - ALCOHOL-DISTILLATION PLANT
RESIDUE
O. M. Tedoradze, V. Z. Miruashvili, R. A. Tedoradze
Georgian State Agrarian University
Abstract
The article represents various technologies for drying spirit residue, which
serve as the basis for processing new drying technologies, which is
distinguished by its high-technology and low power intensity. The given line
includes a level sedimentation scroll centrifuge, whose design differs from that
of well-known similar centrifuges.
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THREE PHASE ELECTRO MAGNETIC VIBRODRIVEIN STATIONARY DEVICES
G. A. Javakhishvili
Abstract
The paper deals with the constant current magnetized three phase electo-magnetic
vibrodrive in which symmetrical charge of feeding of the three phase circuit
network, regulation of the vibration amplitude, increase of the energetic and
exploitation data are achieved by the fact that the electric scheme of the three
phase alternate circuit of the vibrodrive is directly connected with the
three-phase network, without any transformer unit. To consider the operation
regimes of the vibrodrive the paper introduces the new value – sliding , which
is the relative difference between the frequency of the feeding system
(compulsory vibration) and the frequency of anchor vibration. The dependence is
construed between the movement and the slide , according to which four principal
regimes were fixed taking into consideration the tuning of the vibrodrive.
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MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DEFINING CONCENTRATION AND TURBULENT EXCHANGE COEFFICIENT IN SUSPENDED STREAMS
I.G. Kruashvili, I.D. Inashvili
Georgian State Agrarian University
Abstract
On the basis of equations related to the balance deposits and diffusion,
concerning speed gradient analytically calculating dependences of
concentration and turbulent exchange coefficients have been received.
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T.V.Odilavadze, Sh. Z..Kupreishvili
Abstract
On the basis of the application of the estimated model of a flat non-iniform
stream. The dependence of the definition of a drain slope depth has been
determined. The given dependence reflects a true physical picture of
theformation of superficial drain more, than widely spread in ameliorative
practice series of dependences based on the calculation scheme settlement
circuit of uniform movement.
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ON THE TASK OF GOSHIE FOR QUAZILINEAR EQUATIONS WITH PARTIAL DERIVATION OF THE FIRST ORDER
R.V. Danelia, K.K.Darjania, I.Z.Gogsadze, L.G.Datunashvili
Abstract
The paper deals with the task of Goshie for quazylinear equations with partial
derivation of the first order.
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POSSIBLE WAYS OF INCREASING STABLE OPERATING PERIOD OF ROTOR-TYPE WIND ENGINES
V.A. Buchukuri, R.R. Kikvidze
Abstract
In the article the possibilities of stable work during day and night and
consequently the wider use of rotor wind engines in agriculture is considered.
The more stable work and wide use of windmills is directly connected with the
possibility of their work under the lower wind speed and with greater duration
of time per 24 hours. In the article there is considered a problem of
possibility of summation of wind flow and its cost – the increase in mass and
speed of the energy flow given to the operation windmill. The conclusion is as
follows: in rotor and drum-type windmills it is possible to increase a kinetic
wind power as a result of summation of their masses and creations thus of
irrotational motion of a stream with the help of volumetric surface thresholds
of hyperboloids form. Also, operation of the developed device intended for
realization of the specified purpose is considered.
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SPREADING CL.PEPFRINGENS BY MEANS OF IXODIDES TICKS IN GEORGIA
M.Sh.Zhvania-Maglakelidze, T.K.Kurashvili, O.I.Bakhutashvili
Georgian State Zootechnical-Veterinary Inversity
Abstract
For the first time in Georgia we studied Ixodidae ticks in laboratory animals
and found out that they are capable of perceiving Cl.perfringens bacteria along
with the sucked blood and lymph. It was proved by bacterial tests of infected
ticks through the excretion of pure culture on Kit-Farocci and glucose-bloody
agar in anaerobic conditions. The experimental study resulted in determining the
fact that ticks placed on and sucking the blood and lymph of guinea-pigs and
white mice infected with the virulent strain of microbes of C-type Cl.
perfringens become infected and retain these microbes unchanged in their
organisms. The research proved that Cl.perfringens can survive in active state
in ticks’ organisms during fifty days and thus can probably cause a disease in
animals. We suggest that the investigated ticks can be not only possible
carriers and reservoirs, but also pathogenic and distributive agents of the
anaerobic enterotoxemia on animal breeding farms in Georgia.
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YEAST AND FERMENTATION SYSTEMS ACTIVATION
L.G.Mujiri, M.L.Ormotsadze
Abstract
While observing the influence of various activators on physiological,
morphological and biochemical properties of wine yeast (Saccaromyces) cells:
Rkaciteli-61, Kakhuri-42, Saperavi-53, we have noticed that laser emission on
yeast cells stimulates reproductive ability, activates sporogenesis, intensifies
alcoholic fermentation, producing thesubstrate of metabolism of yeast cells. Our
goal was to develop the specifications of an optimal laser emission on
fermenting yeast suspension in order to produce table wine materials with
onimproved quality.
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AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF PINK DRY TABLE SORT WINES
N.V. Ebelashvili
Abstract
In pink dry table wines prepared from the local red varieties of grape Tavkveri
and Shavkapito the following amino acids have been found: aspartic, glutamic,
serine, glycine, proline, tyrosine, valine, cystine, isoleucine+leucine,
phenylalanine, lysine. Pink wines differ from each other both by total
concentration of aminoacids, and quantitative ratio of separate amino acids.
Total concentration of amino acids in wine samples prepared from the variety
Tavkveri is 872 mg/gm3, and from the variety Shavkapito constitutes 810.4
mg/gm3. In amino acid composition of pink wines dominate quantitative content of
proline (436-562 mg/gm3); dicarboxylic acids (87-299 mg/gm3), indispensable
(54.8-135.2 mg/gm3), sulfur-containing (22.8-27 mg/gm3) and aromic (8.2-20.6
mg/gm3) amino acids are presented in a rather considerable amount.
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A NEW COMPLEX METHOD OF STORING RAW FRUIT AND VEGETABLE MATERIAL
E.A.Uturashvili
Abstract
A new complex method of storing white cabbage, carrot and garlic, including the
preliminary processing of the raw material with the high-tension electric
current, followed by their storage in polymer package with gas-selective
membrane in refrigerator conditions at 0 +1 0C has been developed. As a result
of the method, optimal conditions of the processing of the raw material at a
high electric tension, reducing the losses during storage have been selected.
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE MATERIAL STORE OF THE CAUCASIAN FIR
T.M.Japaridze, N.A.Dzotsenidze
Abstract
The transformation of the material store of the Caucasian fir in high (1500-2000
m), middle (1000-1500 m) and low (500-1000 m) mountain zones was studied. The
whole transformation of starch into sugar and fats is distinctly depicted in
high and middle mountain zones. As for the low zone, here hydrolysis of starch
partially takes place. The transformation of starch into sugar and fats,
especially in high and middle zones accounts for the resistance of the firs to
frost during the low winter temperature.
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G.A.Gagoshidze, A.A.Kandelaki
Abstract
The paper deals with the study of the activity of cambium and wood formation in
trunks and roots of Castanea sativa Mill. in different growing conditions. It
was shown that this wood species in West and South Georgia are characterized by
à longer seasonal growth, wide annual layers and high quality wood.
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THE ECOLOGICAL VALENCY OF THE MAIN WOOD SPECIES OF GEORGIA ACCORDING TO THE SOIL CONDITIONS
A.T.Urushadze
Abstract
The paper deals with the study of the ecological valency of the main wood
species of Georgia according to the soil conditions. Among the conditions the
principle are the depth of soil profile, pH and texture. There were investigated
twenty one main wood species, üost of them have wide and less - narrow
ecological valency amplitude.
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THE WAYS OF ACTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY OF STATE SPONSORSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
V. P. Arutyunyan
Abstract
Influence of negative impacts of standard approaches of levying property tax
over real estate market was revealed. It was suggested to review standard
approaches of property tax calculation and to improve methodology of their
calculation, which will give the opportunity to activate real estate market in
Armenia, etc. Both, the direct and indirect ways of state sponsorship for
agriculture were revealed in Armenia, which has transitional economy and limited
land for agricultural usage. Indirect state sponsorship includes management and
creation of legislative terms of land and other resources of production,
preparation of human resources in the field of agriculture, spreading agri-technical
knowledge, sale of agricultural products, promotion of protection of agriculture
from natural disasters, creation of favorable tax conditions for agriculture and
restriction of import of agricultural products. As to the direct state
sponsorship, it involves deduction of dotations, implementation of capital
investments, selective and type-breeding scientific and operational
organization, provision with tax benefits and creation of a special system of
agricultural state insurance.
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H.S.Tspnetsyan
Abstract
The article defines in general terms the reasons of significant decrease of the
economic development in agro-food sector in Armenia during the
post-privatization period. However some positive trends based on the formation
of favorable conditions and on reforms of agrarian sector are noticeable. The
Author emphasizes the necessity of encouragement of small and medium-businesses
as an important condition for the further development of the processing
industry. In this respect, based on the carried out surveys the Author
introduces main bottlenecks inhibiting the increase of entrepreneurship
activity. The direct dependence between the level of the infrastructures’
development and the volume of investments in the agrarian sector is also
defined. As a result of detailed assessment of infrastructures’ operation, the
author introduces a list of servicing and producing small and medium businesses
in different sub-sectors of agro-food sector of Armenia. The implementation of
concrete measures aimed at the improvement of small and medium business esis
proposed. In this respect a realistic prognosis on the establishment of small
and medium new enterprises in the agrarian sector till 2010, as well as the
assessment of funds required for the achievement of these objectives is given.
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