| ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE No. 2, 2003 ISSN 1512-1887 |
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THE PLANT RESOURCES GENETIC POTENTIAL OF ARMENIA AND THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR USE IN THE WORLD - WIDE GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES
G. H. Oganezova
Abstract
The partial review of the data of genus Amygdalus L., Armeniaca Scop., Malus
Mill., Pyrus L., Mespilus L., Juglands L. and some cereals as "useful plants"
(food crops) of Armenian flora, the rich genetic potential of wild flora of the
country are demonstrated. The taxon forming into population variability is
researched by morphological methods.
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DROUGHT CLASSIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF DROUGHT CAUSED LOSSES
T.I. Tourmanidze
Abstract
Assessment drought as a complex phenomenon has been presented in the article,
where except atmospheric physical and biological characteristics of soil and
plant are foreseen. It has been worked out a technique of assessment of drought
intensity by means of: modified hydrothermal coefficient; critical meanings of
mean decade air temperature; a stock of productive moisture by the comparative
characteristics - in percentage of limiting water keeping capacity by soil. The
method of drought intensity assessment, offered by us, enables the quantitative
estimation of negative influence of drought on agricultural crops production, in
particular, on losses of crop..
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Ts. E. Mirtskhoulava
Abstract
The problems of erosion of soils in Georgia connected, first of all, with
physical geographical characteristics of the country and conditions of agely use
of soil surface are considered in the article. In order to protect soil from
erosion one of the perspective measures is being proposed such as plantation of
lines Vetiveria zizinoides. Georgian Institute of Water Management and
Engineering Ecology carried out the investigations for elaborating the
dependences to calculate the distances between the lines of plantations with the
account of types of soils, precipitations, topography of the hills and dams
security.
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THE DAMAGES CAUSED TO WEED-FIELD RYE OF CULTURAL TYPE IN ARMENIA
H.H.Matevosyan
Abstract
Six forms of weed-field rye of cultural type belonging to different ecological
types have been studied. The immune forms have been found to be the donors for
creation of stable kinds.
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INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL NIPPING ON CROP CAPACITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF YELLOW LEAVES OF TOBACCO
G. M. Arutynian
Abstract
As a result of spraóing plants with maleic hydrazide at the beginning of
flowering stage using optimum dozes of fertilizers (N¬¬60P60K75) the increase of
crop capacity and commodity qualities of yellow leaves of tobacco have been
revealed.
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THE RESULTS OF STUDY MULBERRY TREE PESTS IN GEORGIA
M.I. Lobzhanidze
Abstract
Mulberry wood is injured by 30 varieties of harmful animal organisms. For
their spread and negative character two representatives of wood eaters
(Cossidae) from Lepidoptera order – Zeuzera pyrina L. and Cossus cossus L. have
been the objects of investigation. Their larva's feeding on mulberry wood cause
its shivering in the short period of time. The bioecological peculiarities of
both species coincide, namely: they are met everywhere in Georgia and damage
almost all fruit trees as well as a number of forest foliage trees; only the
first and the second year larva's winter; the 1st year larva's winter in the
heart of sprouts and the 2nd year larva's in thicker branches. They have two
year generation; butterflies fly out in June and July. The effective means of
struggle is to create high agritechnical background, to carry out sanitary and
hygienic measures.
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSISTENT APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES AGAINST WEED IN MAIZE FIELDS
I.S.Tzereteli, A.G.Agaronyan
Abstract
It is impossible to carry out an all-round struggle against all types of weeds
in maize fields through separate use of antimonocotyledonous and
antidicotyledonous herbicides. The desired results can be reached only in few
farms during certain years. During the period of vegetation of maize, struggle
against all types of weeds can be led only by consistent application of
herbicides, i.e. using soil herbicides during pre-sowing or pre-germination
period and non-soil herbicides during the post-germination period.
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G.P. Ayvazyan, P.K. Ayvazyan, I.Z. Barseghyan
Abstract
Grape-vine loading influence on crop-capacity and growth of the sprouts are
studied. It is suggested to leave 50-70 eyes while cutting the plants which will
provide high stable and qualitative crop, good drowth and ripening of the
sprouts.
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ABOUT
RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATION OF PLANTS IN GEORGIA
M.S. Kvachantiradze, E.V. Tvalchrelidze, N.I. Gomelauri, T.T. Urushadze
Abstract
As a result of study of the Sr-90 contamination in plants all over Georgia, it
was found that the maximum contamination was in 1963-1965. Subsequent increases
in the Sr-90 contamination of plants were registered in 1972-1874 and after the
catastrophe at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Station in 1986. At present the
highest Sr-90 contamination of plants is observed in Western Georgia,
particularly on the Black Sea Coast. It should, however, be noted that in the
high-mountain regions of Western Georgia, potatoes and the 20 cm deep surface
soil under crops are not contaminated by Sr-90. Of the perennial woody plants of
these regions, deciduous plants contain Sr-90 one and a half as much again at
conifers.
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D.I.Jokhadze, I.K.Khorava
Abstract
The effect of blue-green algae spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on growth and
development of wine yeasts and seven different species of microorganisms has
been studied. It is shown, that the definite doze of algae significantly
stimulate the abovementioned processes. In case of Streptomyces violaceus the
replacement of carbon, nitrogene and in particular,phosphorus by spirulina, in
standard nutrient medium the development of microorgnismes proceeds more
intensely rather than in the control samples. In case of replacement of the
afforementioned components together with nitrate, phosphate, starch by spirulina,
the development of microorganisms remains practically on the level of control.
These data may be taken into consideration at the practice of yeasts and
streptomycets cultivation.
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SOME ACHIEVEMENTS IN APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN PLANT GROWING IN GEORGIA
T.G. Andronikashvili
Abstract
The results of the studies of many years showed the expediency of application of
natural zeolites of sedimentary origin as well as their mixtures with mineral
and organic fertilizers, namely of fresh poultry manure and pig manure in plant
growing.
Multiple examples have been presented testifying to the positive effect of the
above stated minerals on the growth, development and yield of various plants,
which often exceeds the effect of only mineral fertilizers and alongside with
it, in distinct from these latter are characterized by after effect.
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF WATER SECTOR IN GEORGIA
D. G. Gubeladze
Abstract
Water institutions, both formal and informal water law, water policy, and water
administration are undergoing remarkable changes worldwide. Despite
country-specific variations these institutional changes at the international
level evidence certain common trends and patterns. This study aims to unravel
these trends and patterns by addressing the questions about key factors that
motivate these institutional changes, their nature and direction, effects on the
overall water sector performance and, finally but more important, if it is
possible to use cross-country experience for deriving an international agenda
for encouraging institutional change within the water sector.
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PREDICTION OF THE RISE OF WAVES IN TWO-COMPONENT (OIL-WATER) FLOWS
O.G. Natishvili, V.I. Tevzadze
Abstract
Using a dynamic equation in one-dimensional treatment the value of the wave
velocity of a two-component (water-oil) flow is obtained at separated motion
with account of the densities, volume fraction and average cross-section
velocities of the components.
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XRAY RESEARCHES OF STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT OF METALS IN THE ACOUSTIC FIELD
L. Azizbekyan, D. Zadoyan
Abstract
The results of investigations of structural reinforcement of metals in the
acîustic field are considered. It is established that while reinforcing metals
and alloys in the acoustic field the strength and structure of the layer is
increased.
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THE MACHINE FOR PACKING FOODSTUFF IN POLYMERIC TRAYS
E.G. Mailova, A.B. Voskanyan
Abstract
To make goods more competitive it is necessary not only to improve its consumer
qualities, but also to pack it correctly. New technologies and machines are need
to have a modern packages. New machine to produce attractive and tight packages,
which allows to win attention of consumers and prolong shelf life of the product
has been designed.
DEVELOPING
OF LINEAR PULSE ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR MOUNTAIN MONORAIL TRANSPORT OF AGRICULTURAL
APPLICATIONS
N.A. Beridze, N.A. Surguladze
Abstract
Results of long-term research engineering related to elaboration of electrified
monorail transport for agricultural applications are presented. New tendencies
of electrical transport development are outlined and functional diagram of
linear pulse motor or mountain monorail transport is considered.
Analitical expression for synchronous linear speed of linear pulse motor driven
transport via design factors and electrical parameters is obtained.
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TRICHINOSES DIAGNOSTICS IN PIGS LIFETIME
G.I. Goderdzishvili, G.J. Sadaterashvili
Abstract
At present trichinosis is a global problem. From 1979 to 2000 it is registered
in the counrty every year, 0,013% in 1984 and 0,13% in 1997. During these years
in the country at large more than 4 pig carcasses were examined, from which 2471
carcasses were infected that made up 0,057%.
In 1997-1998 the method of trichinoses diagnostics in pigs lifetime has been
worked out, which yields positive results even in small invasion. Joint keeping
of infected and healthy pigs can infect healthy animals with trichinosis.
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CULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SPIROCHETE TAKEN FROM PIGS WITH DYSENTERY
S.G. Yeghoyan
Abstract
It is established that an anaerobic spirochete Treponema hyodysenterial is
primary etiologic agent of pigs' dysentery. The organism is a gram-negative,
oxygentolerant anaerobic spirochete. It was isolated for the first time in
Armenia, in the nutrient medium, containing dry broth with special
preparations. Antibodies to T.hyodysenterial in serum of experimentally
affected pigs have been detected.
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M.G.Mirzoyan, R.S.Mkhitaryan
Abstract
The apparent difference in results of histochemical and citophotometric
investigations of ribonucleoproteids and glicogen affirms more intensively
flowing synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates in different cells of "colon" of
Aragats type specimen, which predetermines abundant secretion of these cells
catalytic activity of cell ferments, intensity of reactions of plastic and
energy metabolism flowing in the cell, the advantages of regeneration of cells
and inczeases intensity of functional activity of "colon".
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EMPLOYMENT OF THE VEGETABLE PIGMENTS FOR COLOURING MEAT PRODUCTS
E. L. Sahakyan, E. V. Grushina, S. S. Simavoryan
Abstract
In our experiments while making experimental half-smoking sausages, betalain
pigments of the table beet were used for getting stable colouring. For control
samples with the same aim, nitric acid salts were used. Experiments prove high
colouring ability of the betalain pigments. The colours don’t influence on the
taste and aromatic characteristics of the products and make them look better.
The way of their addition is simple and doesn’t brake the acting technology of
the sausage production.
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CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR CONCENTRATION AND DETERMINATION COMPONENTS OF WINE MATERIALS
I. Sh. Shatirishvili, Sh. I. Shatirishvili, I. V. Ninoshvili
Abstract
Two methods of concentration of volatile components to determine volatile aroma
forming components of wine-materials are considered. Dynamic method of vapor
phase analysis in wine and brandy with the help of chromati-mass-spectronomy and
chromadistillation is suggested.
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ECOLOGICALLY ORIENTED MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF FORESTS
Peter A. Schmidt
Abstract
The paper considers ecologically oriented management and protection of forests.
The goals of research were: investigation of forests as ecosystems, changes in
the forest ecosystems due to the utilization and environment, affects and
functions of the framework of environmental development, sustainable forest
management, ecologically oriented forest management, protected areas for the
forest, forest landscape management.
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SOME QUESTIONS ON THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SELECTION MANAGEMENT IN UNEVEN AGED MOUNTAIN FORESTS
G.N. Gigauri
Abstract
Correct management of different aged forest with optimal resource and maximal
growth of wood together with soil protection, water preserve and other useful
ecological functions provides high wood productivity. The aim of selection
system is to use each tree as medium to increase common forest production. In
selection system it is necessary to establish the condition not only for the
full forest area, but for single tree too, as they facilitate development of
great productivity of the whole forest stands.
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A.H.Bayadyan
Abstract
The transition to new economic relations, namely, towards making financial
analysis of various active types of joint-stock companies, small and average
sized legal entities and farms, takes place in the Republic of Armenia. The
importance and the role of the balance sheet, as financial management
instrument, has noticeably fallen and the financial analysis has been more and
more acquiring technical-economic charañter.
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THE CONDITION OF THE UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND RESOURCES AND THE WAYS OF RAISING THEIR EFFICIENCY IN ARAGATZOTN MARZ
R. K. Nersisyan, L.A Margaryan
Abstract
Land reform is the constituent part of agrarian reforms in order to find ways to
raise the level of using land resources, particularly, arable lands and to
provide their effectiveness. It is necessary to enlarge production scales, to
organize specified goods industry, to grow plants more intensively, to preserve
the regime of irrigation water. The implementation of these tasks will give an
opportunity to improve the level of using production resources and to provide
principal rise in production effectiveness, to make the value of gross output
per hectare, to improve living standards of rural population.
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ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF AGRARIAN REFORM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEMS IN GEORGIA
R.V. Andguladze
Abstract
In the work the process of agrarian reform is presented, economical aspects are
estimated, directions of development after reform are defined. Special attention
is paid to the land reform, development of Georgian Agriculture and elaboration
of the strategy of food products safety and necessity of its practical
realization.
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THE ROLE OF AGRARIAN SECTOR IN GEORGIAN ECONOMICS AND MAIN TRENDS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
V.K.Burkadze
Abstract
The ways of development of agrarian sector in the economics of Georgia have been
considered. It has been proved that food industry is a priority functioning part
of agrarian sector.
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